It is clear from polls of the general public that religion and spirituality are important in most people’s lives. In addition, the spiritual and religious landscape is becoming increasingly diverse, with nearly a fifth of people unaffiliated with a religion, and increasing numbers of people identifying themselves as spiritual, but not religious. Religion and spirituality have been empirically linked to a number of psychological health and well-being outcomes, and there is evidence that clients would prefer to have their spirituality and religion addressed in psychotherapy. However, most often, religious and spiritual issues are not discussed in psychotherapy, nor are they included in assessment or treatment planning. The field of psychology has already included religion and spirituality in most definitions of multiculturalism and requires training in multicultural competence, but most psychotherapists receive little or no training in religious and spiritual issues, in part because no agreed-on set of spiritual competencies or training guidelines exist. In response to this need, we have developed a proposed set of spiritual and religious competencies for psychologists based on (1) a comprehensive literature review, (2) a focus group with scholars and clinicians, and (3) an online survey of 184 scholars and clinicians experienced in the integration of spiritual and religious beliefs and practices and psychology. Survey participants offered suggestions on wording for each item, and a subset of 105 licensed psychotherapists proficient in the intersection of spirituality/religion and psychology rated clarity and relative importance of each item as a basic spiritual and religious competency. The result is a set of 16 basic spiritual and religious competencies (attitudes, knowledge, and skills) that we propose all licensed psychologists should demonstrate in the domain of spiritual and religious beliefs and practices.

/pdf/spiritual-and-religious-competencies-for-psychologists-vf97b3hbaf.pdf

Spiritual and religious competencies for psychologists.

Nursing and midwifery students' perceptions of spirituality, spiritual care, and spiritual care competency: A prospective, longitudinal, correlational European study

http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2059/1/Lewinson%20et%20al%20Spirituality%20preprint.pdf

Spirituality in pre-registration nurse education and practice: A review of the literature.

Spirituality in nursing care has been discussed for many years in the nursing press. There has been no literature review that explores only UK literature, and this article updates a literature review carried out in 2006 (Ross, 2006). Aim: The review was designed to investigate the current nursing evidence underpinning the concept of spirituality and its application. Method: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken and a thematic analysis performed following a search for literature using defined dates, databases and search terms. Results: Four major themes emerged from the literature: concept clarification; spiritual care-giving; religion and spirituality; and nurse education. Conclusion: Definitions of spiritual care vary, and the concept of spirituality in nursing is still under development. However, until a common language of spirituality is developed, models of spiritual care developed through research involving mainly nursing staff will be difficult for nurses to apply.

Spirituality in nursing: a systematic review of the literature from 2006–10

Background: Spiritual care should be considered an important part of holistic and multidisciplinary care and it has not been given much importance so far. We should begin with student nurses, who will soon be clinicians, to fi nd out about potentiality of the nursing profession to put spiritual care into practice. Little has been known about spiritual well-being, spirituality, and spiritual care perspectives among nursing students. In this study, a comparison has been made in spiritual well-being, spirituality, and spiritual care perspectives between the fi rst and fourth year baccalaureate nursing students. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive–comparative study that was carried out among 283 nursing students. All the students were Iranians studying in the universities of Iran, Tehran, and Shahid Beheshti medical sciences. They volunteered to participate in the study. There were 105 fi rst year students and 178 fourth year students. The questionnaires used were on Spiritual Well-being (SWB) Scale, Spiritual Perspective Scale (SPS), and Nursing Spiritual Care Perspective Scale (NSCPS). The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 10. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (distribution frequency, mean, and standard deviation). Mann–Whitney test was to compare each item and independent t-test to compare the mean values of two groups. Results: Regarding spiritual well-being, there were no signifi cant differences between the two groups. 98.8% of the fi rst year students and 100% of the fourth year students were in the category of moderate spiritual well-being. Neither were there any signifi cant differences between the two groups in spiritual perspective and spiritual care perspectives. Conclusions: The scores of fourth year nursing students were similar to those of fi rst year students in spiritual well-being, spirituality, and spiritual care perspectives, though the fourth year students had already undergone 4-year nursing course. Including spiritual care in the curriculum of nursing students’ courses will add to their understanding and provision of spiritual care. This will fi ll the present gap evident in the system in Iran. At present, the educational system here does not make use of spiritual care as part of its comprehensive curriculum.

/pdf/nursing-students-spiritual-well-being-spirituality-and-8l1v73ttri.pdf

Nursing students’ spiritual well-being, spirituality and spiritual care

The ethical basis of teaching spirituality and spiritual care: a survey of student nurses perceptions.

Making Integrated eCare a Reality in the UK: Past Failures, Current Successes, and Future Challenges

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The ethical basis of teaching spirituality and spiritual care: a survey of student nurses perceptions.

Making Integrated eCare a Reality in the UK: Past Failures, Current Successes, and Future Challenges