Chapter 1 Physical Examination Chapter 2 Protocols for Common Presenting Complaints Chapter 3 Practical Diagnostic Imaging Chapter 4 Musculoskeletal System Chapter 5 Respiratory System Chapter 6 Cardiovascular System Chapter 7 Alimentary System Chapter 8 Reproduction Chapter 9 Pediatrics Chapter 10 Urinary System Chapter 11 Ophthalmology Chapter 12 Hemolymphatic System Chapter 13 Dermatology Chapter 14 Neurology Chapter 15 Endocrinology Chapter 16 Practical Clinical Pathology Chapter 17 Clinical Bacteriology Chapter 18 Clinical Nutrition Chapter 19 Therapy Appendix Dose Rates, Use, and Route of Administration of Some Drugs Commonly Used in Equine Practice Reference Values for Serum or Plasma Biochemical Measurements Treatment Numbers Suggested Immunization Chart for Horses Vaccines and Antitoxins Currently Available Company Addresses Index

Manual of equine practice : 翻訳版

Skeletal scintigraphy is an established imaging modality, however, its validity as a diagnostic test in lame or poorly performing sports horses has not been determined. The objective of this retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was to determine the accuracy of skeletal scintigraphy as an indiscriminate screening test in sports horses. All sports horses that underwent scintigraphic examination between March 2008 and December 2014 for which a definitive diagnosis was reached were included. Examinations were evaluated blindly. Characteristics of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake were recorded and subjectively categorized as possibly relevant or non-relevant. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between test results and final diagnosis. There were 1222 positive clinical diagnoses in 480 horses, of which 687 regions (56.4%) had no associated increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and 99 regions (8.1%) had non-relevant increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. The sensitivity of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake for identification of final diagnosis was low (43.8%) and specificity was high (94.0%). The agreement was fair (κ = 0.36). Relevance categorization improved the test; the sensitivity for final diagnosis was low (35.7%), specificity was high (98.9%), and the agreement was moderate (κ = 0.45). The agreements of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake and relevance categorization with final diagnosis were only substantial for feet (κ = 0.67 and κ = 0.66, respectively) and proximal aspect of the forelimb (elbow, shoulder, and scapula combined) (κ = 0.69 and 0.78, respectively). Scintigraphic examination is unlikely to lead to a full and correct diagnosis of the cause(s) of lameness or poor performance in sports horses when used as an isolated or indiscriminate screening tool.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of skeletal scintigraphy in lame and poorly performing sports horses.

Summary

Detailed clinical evaluation and diagnostic analgesia are crucial for accurate lameness diagnosis. This review discusses the ways in which local analgesic techniques can cause confusion and highlights how important it is to recognise that the majority of methods are less specific than was formerly thought. Interpretation of responses must be done together with the results of clinical examination and careful assessment of diagnostic images. With the knowledge of false negative and false positive results of local analgesic techniques and the recognition that there may be more than one focus of pain contributing to lameness, it is still possible to reach accurate diagnoses, provided that a logical, thoughtful approach is utilised.

Where does it hurt? Problems with interpretation of regional and intra-synovial diagnostic analgesia

Chapter 74 – Bone Biology and Fracture Healing

This study was supported by grants from the Swedish Norwegian
Foundation for Equine research (H0847237) and the Royal Swedish
Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (H10-0265-CFH).

Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Evaluation of radiography and low-field magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective—To describe pathological findings identified with MRI in the distal tarsal bones of horses with unilateral hind limb lameness attributable to tarsal pain and to compare the usefulness of MRI with that of radiography and nuclear scintigraphy in evaluation of this region. Design—Retrospective case series. Animals—20 lame horses. Procedures—In all horses, MRI, radiography (4 standard projections), and nuclear scintigraphy of the tarsus had been performed. Horses were excluded if the results of all 3 imaging modalities were not available or if lameness was detected in more than 1 limb. Pathological changes identified with MRI were cross-referenced with the findings determined with other imaging modalities. Results—Compared with MRI findings, the following lesions were identified with radiography: medullary and subchondral bone sclerosis in 9 of 16 horses, pathological changes related to osseous hyperintensity in 0 of 10 horses, and osteoarthritis in 5 of 8 horses. Standard radiographic projections d...

Comparison of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of specific conditions of the distal tarsal bones of horses: 20 cases (2006–2010)

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Comparison of radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging for detection of specific conditions of the distal tarsal bones of horses: 20 cases (2006–2010)