Recent advances in molecular biology have extended our understanding of the metabolic processes related to microbial transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The physiological responses of microorganisms to the presence of hydrocarbons, including cell surface alterations and adaptive mechanisms for uptake and efflux of these substrates, have been characterized. New molecular techniques have enhanced our ability to investigate the dynamics of microbial communities in petroleum-impacted ecosystems. By establishing conditions which maximize rates and extents of microbial growth, hydrocarbon access, and transformation, highly accelerated and bioreactor-based petroleum waste degradation processes have been implemented. Biofilters capable of removing and biodegrading volatile petroleum contaminants in air streams with short substrate-microbe contact times ( 2 S and sulfoxides from petrochemical waste streams. Microbes also have potential for use in removal of nitrogen from crude oil leading to reduced nitric oxide emissions provided that technical problems similar to those experienced in biodesulfurization can be solved. Enzymes are being exploited to produce added-value products from petroleum substrates, and bacterial biosensors are being used to analyze petroleum-contaminated environments.

Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology

Microbial carbonate precipitation in construction materials: A review

Bioremediation, involving bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation, being an economical and eco-friendly approach, has emerged as the most advantageous soil and water clean-up technique for contaminated sites containing heavy metals and/or organic pollutants. Addition of pre-grown microbial cultures to enhance the degradation of unwanted compounds (bioaugmentation) and/or injection of nutrients and other supplementary components to the native microbial population to induce propagation at a hastened rate (biostimulation), are the most common approaches for in situ bioremediation of accidental spills and chronically contaminated sites worldwide. However, many factors like strain selection, microbial ecology, type of contaminant, environmental constraints, as well as procedures of culture introduction, may lead to their failure. These drawbacks, along with fragmented literature, have opened a gap between laboratory trials and on-field application. The present review discusses the effectiveness as well as the limitations of bioaugmentation and biostimulation processes. A summary of experimental studies both in confined systems under controlled conditions and of real case studies in the field is presented. A comparative account between the two techniques and also the current scenario worldwide for in situ biotreatment using bioaugmentation and biostimulation, are addressed.

Bioaugmentation and biostimulation strategies to improve the effectiveness of bioremediation processes.

Development of constructed wetlands in performance intensifications for wastewater treatment: A nitrogen and organic matter targeted review

Phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soils by Mirabilis Jalapa L. in a greenhouse plot experiment

Evaluation of two commercial bioaugmentation products for enhanced removal of petroleum from a wetland

Method for quantifying the fate of petroleum in the environment

Bioaugementation for the Enhanced Bioremediation of Petroleum in a Wetland

To assess bioremediation as a remedial action in sensitive environments, 18 plots, consisting of a 5m x 5m perimeter and an elevated scaffold system to permit sampling, were oiled with a `weathered` Arabian light crude oil. The oil was applied evenly onto wetland sediment during low tide. Three treatments, - control, inorganic nutrients, and inorganic nutrients plus nitrate as an alternate electron acceptor - were administered. Sediment samples were analyzed for petroleum chemistry, inorganic nutrients, toxicity and microbial counts. There was no significant difference in test results among the various treatment methods for total extractable materials, however, target compound analysis indicated significant differences in the biodegradation rates for the three treatments. Biodegradation of 95 per cent of target compounds was observed within an average of 167, 80 and 118 days for the control, nutrient, and nutrient plus nitrate treatments, respectively. 12 refs., 6 figs.

Bioremediation of a controlled oil release in a wetland

The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the performance of two commercial bioaugmentation products for their ability to enhance bioremediation of petroleum in a wetland. Addition...

Evaluation of Bioaugmentation for Remediation of Petroleum In a Wetland

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