This work was focused on the production and characterization of microcellular polyurethane (PU) composites reinforced with pine wood-fibers or with hemp, which can be applied to the manufacture of car interior panels, or acoustic insulation panels for the construction industry. The polymers selected for the study were crosslinked PUs, synthesized from a castor oil-based polyol, with the formulations adjusted to obtain different foaming levels. Microfoamed composites with preferential orientation were prepared from long hemp fibers. Also, samples with random arrangement of short hemp and wood fibers were obtained. The morphology of the composites was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical performance of the reinforced foams was studied through three point bending and dynamic mechanical tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007

Microfoams based on castor oil polyurethanes and vegetable fibers

The curing kinetics of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/melamine phosphate (DGEBA/MP) was analyzed by the DSC technique. The Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods were applied to determine the dynamic kinetics of the DGEBA/MP system. The activation energies obtained by these two methods were 83.9 and 85.6 kJ/mol, respectively. An autocatalytic equation was applied to determine the isothermal curing kinetics of the DGEBA/MP system. The DGEBA/MP system exhibits autocatalytic behavior in the isothermal curing procedure, whose kinetics fits well with the autocatalytic mechanism. The obtained isothermal curing activation energy of the DGEBA/MP system was 110.0 kJ/mol. The curing mechanism of DGEBA with melamine phosphate was investigated using FTIR, 13C solid-state NMR, and 31P solid-state NMR. It involved an epoxide–amine reaction, etherification of phosphoric acid and epoxy, dehydration, and thermal oxidation of the hydroxyl group of the DGEBA/MP system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 892–900, 2004

/pdf/study-on-curing-kinetics-and-curing-mechanism-of-epoxy-resin-1jjjmruqai.pdf

Study on curing kinetics and curing mechanism of epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a and melamine phosphate

The curing reaction of an epoxy–phenolic resin under different conditions was monitored using rheological measurements. The evolution of viscoelastic properties, such as storage modulus, G′, and loss modulus, G″, was recorded. Several experiments were performed to confidently compare the rheological data obtained under varied curing conditions of temperature, catalyst concentration, and reactive ratios. The values of G′ measured at the end of the reactions (at maximum conversion) were independent of the frequency and temperature of the tests in the range of high temperatures investigated. The overall curing process was described by a second-order phenomenological rheokinetic equation based on the model of Kamal. The effects of the epoxy-to-phenolic ratio as well as the curing temperature and the catalyst concentration were also investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4430–4439, 2006

Rheological study of the curing kinetics of epoxy–phenol novolac resin

Regulating microstructures of interpenetrating polyurethane-epoxy networks towards high-performance water-lubricated bearing materials

Properties of rubber articles are very much influenced by their vulcanization characteristics Vulcanization kinetics of isobutylene isoprene rubber (IIR) or butyl rubber, filled with three organically modified montmorillonites, having different degrees of hydrophilic nature, was investigated by oscillating disc rheometer (ODR) Microstructures of the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gas permeation, and uniaxial tension It was shown that structure of clay ranged from moderately or highly intercalated to agglomerated structure for different organoclays Microstructure of nanocomposites was used to explain opposite trends observed in vulcanization kinetics of them It was shown that not only the chemical nature of the clay modifier, but also physical effects such as diffusion of vulcanizing agents in butyl rubber, limited by filler network, can alter vulcanization kinetics of this rubber For less hydrophilic organoclays, dispersion is better, and formation of filler network structure limits diffusion and accessibility of curing agents to vulcanization sites Two empirical models of Isayev and Ghoreishy were also employed and compared in explaining the results quantitatively © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

Vulcanization kinetics of butyl rubber–clay nanocomposites and its dependence on clay microstructure

Fil: Stefani, Pablo Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnologia de Materiales; Argentina

Curing kinetics of epoxy-urethane copolymers

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Curing kinetics of epoxy-urethane copolymers