Humankind is responsible for conditioning the
distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great
physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, Loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in some and be undervalued by others, often ending up
being a victim of human activities. Increasingly, the apparent impossibility of
the coexistence of these two species represents a problem for the conservation
of the large African mammal. Here it was reviewed the published bibliography
about the African savannah elephant (L. africana), between July 2015 and
December 2019. The Web of Science (WoS)
database enabled the search for the words “Loxodonta africana”.
From this research, we obtained 310 articles, 149 of them were analysed. Elephants have characteristics that define
its uniqueness that are constantly reported, such as: its cognition and
extraordinary memory, factors that influence its movements and its
distribution, its specific vocalization and the strong dependence on social
connections. Threats to the conservation of the species and the urgency of
interventions are also an important subject of discussion. Poaching for ivory
represents a major obstacle on conservation and has been drastically reducing
the number of elephant populations and causing
future consequences for those who thrive. Law enforcement in reducing/prohibit
poaching has proven to be insufficient, so there is an urgent need to combat
the demand for ivory. Also, it is necessary to bypass the conflict, promote
tolerance and enable cohabitation. We believe that educating human populations
to better understand the species may be the difference to guarantee a future for the species. Conservationists may
be the enablers of these educational actions, however, to make the
difference, it is necessary to know the species in detail. Mastering knowledge
in these behavioural areas will contribute to improve mitigation strategies,
which could make the difference to guarantee a future for the species.

The African Elephant (Loxodonta africana): Mini-Review of an Endangered Species

Maladaptive behaviour is arguably the most common disruptive behaviour among adolescents and in order to transform these students into productive members in the society, the need for quality education cannot be overrated. It is in this regard that this study seeks to examine the strategies that teacher use to manage maladaptive behaviours in Offinso Municipality. A quantitative approach and an explanatory research design was adopted to ensure that the right data is collected and the appropriate analytical techniques are used. Further, Krejcie and Morgan (1970) and stratified random sampling was used to select a total of 171 teachers from the three schools with the aid of questionnaire as the research instrument. All ethical issues were strictly adhered to ensure Full Corporation with the study. SPSS version 22 was used to code and capture the data collected. A combination of descriptive analysis and sequential linear regression was used to analyse the data. The results showed that the students of the three schools in the Offinso Municipality exhibit maladaptive behaviour and the teachers have adapted strategies that significantly manages the maladaptive behaviours. The factors influencing maladaptive behaviour in the adolescents includes parental, environmental and the school. For resource allocation and policy implications, management should first consider committing resources to enhancing the teacher‟s strategy before considering the three categories of factors influencing the maladaptive behaviour in the adolescent students. Further, management should engage the parents, the community leaders and government to develop strategies in mitigating maladaptive behaviour in adolescent students. The need for counselling service centres cannot be overrated besides orientation practices.

/pdf/teachers-strategies-for-managing-adolescent-students-with-2kwlna72k7.pdf

Teachers’ Strategies for Managing Adolescent Students with Maladaptive Behaviours in Ghana

Estimating population parameters of African elephants: a photographic mark-recapture application in a South African protected area

/pdf/elephant-population-responses-to-increased-density-in-kruger-3781sc8onw.pdf

Elephant population responses to increased density in Kruger National Park

/pdf/management-of-african-elephant-populations-in-small-fenced-4sobxaewo8.pdf

Management of African elephant populations in small fenced areas: Current practices, constraints and recommendations

With an increase in poaching of elephants (Loxodonta africana) across Africa, it is vital to know exactly how many elephants remain and where they occur, to ensure that protection and management are planned appropriately. From a nationwide survey, we provide current population and distribution data for elephants in South Africa. We consider the viability of elephant populations in the country, as well as some of the management techniques implemented and how effective these are in controlling elephant numbers. According to our surveys, there were 28,168 elephants in South Africa as of December 2015, with 78% of these occurring in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and reserves bordering and open to the Park. Of the country’s 78 discrete that host elephants, 77% have populations of <100 elephants, which could mean they are not genetically viable. We discuss our findings in terms of the conservation value of South Africa’s elephant reserves, and the animal welfare implications. We recommend that the current fragmentation of elephant habitat in the country be addressed through a national elephant management strategy that promotes wildlife corridors between existing, neighbouring elephant reserves.

/pdf/the-status-of-african-elephant-loxodonta-africana-2yvhzcuvw6.pdf

The status of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) populations in South Africa

Management interventions are necessary to control elephant numbers within fenced wildlife reserves in South Africa. Use of non-lethal control methods is increasing, but information about their suitability and effects are not widely available. Three such methods are currently available: immunocontraception with porcine zona pellucida vaccine, vasectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine. Here we consolidate what we know about these methods, using published sources and material shared at a workshop held in South Africa in 2016, in order to provide up-to-date information for future policy decisions concerning the use of these methods in South Africa and elsewhere.

/pdf/non-lethal-elephant-population-control-methods-summary-of-2b26udiz35.pdf

Non-lethal elephant population control methods: Summary of the first workshop of the Elephant Specialist Advisory Group of South Africa

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The status of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) populations in South Africa

Non-lethal elephant population control methods: Summary of the first workshop of the Elephant Specialist Advisory Group of South Africa