Drought is a natural phenomenon posing severe implications for soil, groundwater and agricultural yield. It has been recognized as one of the most pervasive global change drivers to affect the soil. Soil being a weakly renewable resource takes a long time to form, but it takes no time to degrade. However, the response of soil to drought conditions as soil loss is not manifested in the existing literature. Thus, this study makes a concerted effort to analyze the relationship between drought conditions and soil erosion in the middle sub-basin of the Godavari River in India. MODIS remote sensing data was utilized for driving drought indices during 2000–2019. Firstly, we constricted Temperature condition index (TCI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) from Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) derived from MODIS data. TCI and VCI were then integrated to determine the Vegetation Health Index (VHI). Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was utilized for estimating soil loss. The relationship between drought condition and vegetation was ascertained using the Pearson correlation. Most of the northern and southern watersheds experienced severe drought condition in the sub-basin during 2000–2019. The mean frequency of the drought occurrence was 7.95 months. The average soil erosion in the sub-basin was estimated to be 9.88 t ha-1 year -1. A positive relationship was observed between drought indices and soil erosion values (r value being 0.35). However, wide variations were observed in the distribution of spatial correlation. Among various factors, the slope length and steepness were found to be the main drivers of soil erosion in the sub-basin. Thus, the study calls for policy measures to lessen the impact of drought and soil erosion.

Analysing the relationship between drought and soil erosion using vegetation health index and RUSLE models in Godavari Middle Sub-basin, India

Mapping of Water-Induced Soil Erosion Using Machine Learning Models: A Case Study of Oum Er Rbia Basin (Morocco)

Soil erosion is expected to increase in the future due to climate change. Soil erosion models are useful tools that can be used by decision makers and other stakeholders to deal with soil erosion problems or the implementation of soil protection measures. Most of the modelling applications are using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)-type models. In this study, we evaluate the applicability of the Erosion Potential Model (EPM) and its modified version (mEPM) for the estimation of the gross and net erosion rates at a global scale. The sensitivity analysis shows that the model results have the highest variability due to the soil protection (land cover) coefficient followed by the soil erodibility parameter. The models' evaluations indicate that that the EPM cannot be applied to cold regions while the mEPM overcomes this issue. The erosion rates based on the EPM were 1.5–2.5 times larger than the ones obtained from the mEPM. Increasing the number of catchment properties as inputs to the model may help in improving the performance of the tested EPM and mEPM. Moreover, a comparison of net soil losses by mEPM with long-term suspended sediment yield data for 116 catchments located around the globe indicates a median bias of less than 10%, although the bias for around 1/3 of catchments was above 100%. Furthermore, a direct comparison with other soil erosion models such as USLE-type models is not possible since the EPM and mEPM do take into consideration other processes such as soil slumps and gully erosion and not just sheet and rill erosion. Therefore, as expected, the gross erosion rates by the EPM and mEPM are higher compared to the USLE-type models. Hence, the mEPM, despite its limitations, could be regarded as an interesting approach for the describing erosion processes around the globe and should be further tested using small- and medium-sized catchments from various climate zones. 

Towards multi-model soil erosion modelling: An evaluation of the erosion potential method (EPM) for global soil erosion assessments

Critical success factors of small and medium wildfire effects on soil erosion dynamics: the case of 2021 megafires in greece

Soil water erosion assessment in Morocco through modeling and fingerprinting applications: A review

/pdf/modelling-of-soil-erosion-processes-and-runoff-for-4grwfw5xwf.pdf

Modelling of soil erosion processes and runoff for sustainable watershed management: case study oued el abid watershed, morocco

Tobacco production has a long tradition in R. Macedonia. It is an industrial crop with over 70% share in the total industrial crops area, and an average share of some 30%, in total agricultural export. As a labor intensive crop, it provides employment for the rural population and presents a social buffer for the economy and the current high unemployment rate in the country. The aggressive policies against smoking propose reduction of tobacco production, thus solution for its replacement ought to be considered for the tobacco producers in the country. The aim of this research is to investigate the competitiveness of the tobacco sector in the country based on the Porter Diamond competitiveness approach, complemented with the Ballasa index of comparative advantage. Based on the prevailing positive aspects in the competitiveness model, and the high values of the index ranging from seven to over nine for the period 2005-2010; much higher compared to selected countries in the region (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey), our findings confirm that the country has favorable conditions and competitive advantage for producing tobacco.....Proizvodnja duhana ima dugu tradiciju u Republici Makedoniji. To je industrijska biljka s preko 70% udjela na ukupnom broju povrsina pod industrijskim i s prosjecnim udjelom od oko 30% u ukupnom izvozu poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Kao zahtjevna biljka, osigurava posao ruralnoj populaciji i daje socijalnu zastitu ekonomiji i trenutnoj visokoj stopi nezaposlenosti u zemlji. Agresivne kampanje protiv pusenja predlažu smanjenje proizvodnje duhana, stoga bi se trebalo pronaci rjesenje cime bi ga proizvođaci duhana u zemlji mogli zamijeniti. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bilo je istražiti konkurentnost duhanskog sektora u zemlji analizom konkurentnosti pomocu Porter Diamondovog modela, nadopunjenog Ballasa indeksom komparativnih prednosti. Na temelju prevladavajucih pozitivnih aspekata u modelu konkuretnosti visoke vrijednosti indeksa su u rasponu od sedam do preko devet za razdoblje od 2005.-2010.; puno vise, ako se usporedi s nekim zemljana u regiji (Grcka, Bugarska, Turska). Nasi rezultati potvrđuju da zemlja ima povoljne uvjete i kompetitivne prednosti za proizvodnju duhana.

/pdf/competitiveness-analysis-of-the-tobacco-sub-sector-in-the-35tc5yzldo.pdf

Competitiveness analysis of the tobacco sub-sector in the Republic of Macedonia

Building a recognizable brand for the Macedonian wine and higher values in intellectual property assets is the core for strengthening the wineries’ international market position. This paper attempts to identify Macedonian wineries’ opportunities to profit under competitive market conditions. Therefore, we first interpret evidence on determinants of their profitability, then we present their commitment towards intellectual property rights, and finally we describe a successful case of a winery that has a recognized brand internationally. The results indicated that wineries are not attractive investments if intensive marketing strategies in creation of strong brand equity are not strongly supported. The use of innovations, creativity and protection of intellectual property rights, could be successful strategy in increasing the opportunities to profit. The defined winery as distinctive case may be used as a guideline to reinforce wineries’ possibilities to follow future market signals, while struggling to adjust to the imposed market oriented production.

Opportunities to profit under competitive market conditions: The case of the Macedonian wineries

Opportunities to profit under competitive market conditions.

The aim of this paper is: (a) to emphasize the importance of the industrial property rights for countries in transition economy, (b) to analyze the international trade and competitiveness of Republic of Macedonia and EU countries and (c) to present geographical indications as a powerful marketing strategy for competitiveness of the wine sub-sector in Republic of Macedonia. The paper includes qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the qualitative approach, we have performed a descriptive analysis to make a relation between industrial property, marketing and competitiveness of wine sub-sector. Quantitative methods include comparative analyzes with three countries of the European Union (Bulgaria, Slovenia and France). In order to present the current competitiveness, several calculations were preformed such as: the international trade indicators for trade balance and coverage ratio, trade openness, trade performance and specialization of countries’ wine sector, issued by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The results show that in the Macedonian agricultural sector, there is a low degree of awareness for the economic benefits of industrial property rights. Macedonia has a competitive wine sector, as result of the factor conditions, and in particularly tradition, geographic and climate conditions. Significant result is the positive degree of specialization of Macedonian wine in exporting the product, but unfortunately the bulk wine has the largest share in export of 87%. The process of reaching higher competitiveness of agro-food products, supported by strong marketing strategy, should be considered as a risky process, if the legal protection of industrial property rights, is neglected. The consequences could lead to misappropriation and information asymmetry, which can influence on losing the market position of the producers or unsuccessful promotion and export orientation of the products.

The Economics Of Industrial Property Rights: Use Of Geographical Indications As A Marketing Strategy For Competitiveness Of Wine Sector In Republic Of Macedonia

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