Haematologic parameters play a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, the evaluation of patient before surgical intervention and in monitoring responses to therapy. The paper reviews haematologic parameters as influenced by exogenous and endogenous factors, including reproductive cycle, sex,age and season, with emphasis on domestic animals reared in the tropics. It is concluded that reproductive cycle, sex, age and season modulate haematologic parameters, and that they should be considered in order to ensure accurate interpretation of the parameters in domestic animals.

	 

	Key words: Haematology, reproductive cycle, age, sex and season.

/pdf/influence-of-reproductive-cycle-sex-age-and-season-on-1z9i25m17v.pdf

Influence of reproductive cycle, sex, age and season on haematologic parameters in domestic animals: A review

This study investigates the scar-reducing efficacy of topical application of stratifin and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a rabbit ear model. A total of five New Zealand white rabbits with four wounds per ear were examined. Either recombinant stratifin (0.002%) or ASA (0.5%) incorporated in carboxymethyl cellulose gel was topically applied on each wound at postwounding Day 5. Scars were harvested at postwounding Day 28 for histological analysis. The wounds treated with stratifin and ASA showed 82 and 73% reduction in scar volume, respectively, compared with that of untreated controls. A reduction of 57 and 41% in total tissue cellularity along with 79 and 91% reduction in infiltrated CD3+ T cells were observed in response to treatment with stratifin and ASA, respectively, compared with those of untreated controls. Wounds treated with stratifin showed a 2.8-fold increase in matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression, which resulted in a 48% decrease in collagen density compared with those of untreated controls. Qualitative wound assessment showed a reduced hypertrophic scarring in stratifin and ASA-treated wounds when compared with the controls. This study showed that topical application of either stratifin or ASA-impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose gel reduced hypertrophic scar formation following dermal injuries in a rabbit ear fibrotic model.

Improvement of hypertrophic scarring by using topical anti-fibrogenic/anti-inflammatory factors in a rabbit ear model.

Objective—To evaluate performance of a human portable blood glucose meter (PBGM), a veterinary PBGM, and a veterinary benchtop analyzer for measuring blood glucose concentration in rabbits and to evaluate the effect of sample characteristics on their performance. Design—Observational prospective cross-sectional study. Sample—Blood samples from 89 pet rabbits. Procedures—Blood glucose concentration was measured with a human PBGM (n = 89 rabbits), a veterinary PBGM (89), and a benchtop analyzer (32) and compared with results obtained with plasma in a laboratory analyzer (hexokinase method). Results—The human PBGM underestimated blood glucose concentration, had decreased accuracy at high Hcts, and had the lowest total error observed (11.4%). The veterinary PBGM overestimated blood glucose concentration, had decreased accuracy at low Hcts and at high blood glucose concentrations, and had the highest total error (15.5% and 29.8% for canine and feline settings, respectively). The benchtop analyzer had good accuracy and was not influenced by Hct or glucose concentrations. Clinical errors would have occurred in 0% of cases with the human PBGM and with the benchtop analyzer and in 9% (canine setting) to 6.7% (feline setting) of cases with the veterinary PBGM. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that use of the human PBGM evaluated in this study would be acceptable for point-of-care testing of blood glucose concentration in rabbits when benchtop analyzers are not available. The use of the veterinary PBGM evaluated in this study may alter both treatment and diagnostic decisions because of the overestimation of glucose concentrations in some rabbits. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014;245:87–98)

Performance of two portable meters and a benchtop analyzer for blood glucose concentration measurement in rabbits

Data concerning the morphometric parameters of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) obtained using computer-assisted image analysis have not yet been investigated, and there are no data on any analyses of ovine RBC subpopulations based on their morphometric parameters. The aims of this study are to determine the values of RBC haematological and morphometric size and shape parameters, to form groups according to the obtained values of haematological parameters; to determine the differences in RBC morphometric parameters between the formed groups, and to determine RBC subpopulations and their respective proportions in the formed groups. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of clinically healthy Lika pramenka sheep, aged between 2 and 5 years. Haematological parameters including haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and RBC distribution width were analysed using a haematology analyser. Haematological parameters were categorized into two groups: those with lower values or values below the physiological range (Groups 1) and groups with higher values or values above the physiological range (Groups 2). Morphometric parameters of RBCs were determined from stained blood smears using SFORM, a computer-assisted program. Significantly higher values of RBC area, outline, convex, minimal and maximal radius, as well as length and breadth were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, respectively. Based on the morphometric parameters of RBCs, three RBC subpopulations were obtained using principal component and cluster analysis: ES 1-the smallest and most elongated RBCs, ES 2-the biggest and most rounded RBCs, and ES 3-average size and shape RBCs. Significantly higher proportions of ES 2 and ES 3 subpopulations, as well as a significantly lower proportion of ES 1 subpopulation, were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HTC, MCV, and MCH, respectively. It can be concluded that ovine RBC subpopulations, based on their morphometric parameters, can be obtained by using computer-assisted image analysis of RBC morphometry and multivariate statistical methods, including principal component and cluster analysis. RBC morphometry, including classification into subpopulations, could serve as a basis for future possibilities in the diagnostic interpretation of anaemic syndromes in veterinary medicine, especially in normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic anaemias in sheep.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/12/1130/pdf

A New Method of Assessing Sheep Red Blood Cell Types from Their Morphology

As little is known about the blood profile of camels in Libya, this article is the third of a 4-part series describing the biochemical and haematological blood profile in Libyan camels.  In part 1 of these manuscripts, the overall blood biochemical and haematological mean values of camels in Libya were determined, parts 2-4 evaluate the effects of breed, gender and age respectively on these values. Blood samples were collected from 24 male and 42 female apparently healthy camels and the levels of enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and haematological indices were measured.The blood of the male camels showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Amylase (AMS), total proteins, globulin and Phosphorus (Ph), than the female camels which showed higher values of glucose, Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio, urea, Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), Packed Cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), neutrophil and monocyte numbers. This study shows significant sex differences between male and female Libyan camels in many haematological and biochemical analytes.

https://gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndApplied/article/download/10172/4425

Blood Profile in Normal One Humped Dromedary (Camelus Dromedarius) Camels in Libya. Part 3: Effect of Sex Variation on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Profile

The total and differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte and trombocyte count, the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width in male and female New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Furthermore, the basic red blood cell morphometric characteristics were analyzed. The complete blood count values were in the reference intervals for this rabbit breed. Comparing the results regarding the gender, significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations were detected in female rabbits (134.86 vs. 127.5 g/L), whereas in males the anisocytosis was more prominent (RDW 16.09 vs. 15.53). The results of mathematical analysis in morphometry of erythrocytes revealed the statistically different parameters in males and females. Erythrocytes of females had larger area (30.81 vs. 27.6  m2), greater maximal (3.54 vs. 3.34  m) and minimal radius (2.61 vs. 2.47  m), greater convex area (31.95 vs. 29.03  m2) and higher length (6.73 vs. 6.33  m) and cell elongation factor (1.14 vs. 1.10) than the erythrocytes of males. Though the average cell volume was not significantly different, morphometry data showed that the erythrocytes in males were smaller and with a lesser prominence than females', which is congruent with higher RDW and lower hemoglobin concentration in the male rabbits’ blood, and presumably the higher presence of microcytes in blood of male rabbits. In conclusion, the erythrocyte morphometry may provide valuable data about the changes in the erythrocyte morphology and could implement the results obtained by the standard hematology methods.

/pdf/blood-cell-count-analyses-and-erythrocyte-morphometry-in-new-jjzlgsasne.pdf

Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Zealand white rabbits

The total and differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte and thrombocyte count, the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width in male and female New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Furthermore, the basic red blood cell morphometric characteristics were analyzed. The complete blood count values were within the reference intervals for this rabbit breed. Comparing the results regarding the gender, signifi cantly higher hemoglobin concentrations were detected in female rabbits (134.86 vs. 127.5 g/L), whereas in males the anisocytosis was more prominent (RDW 16.09 vs. 15.53). The results of mathematical analysis of the morphometry of erythrocytes revealed statistically different parameters in males and females. Erythrocytes of females had a larger area (30.81 vs. 27.6 μm2), greater maximal (3.54 vs. 3.34 μm) and minimal radius (2.61 vs. 2.47 μm), greater convex area (31.95 vs. 29.03 μm 2 ) and greater length (6.73 vs. 6.33 μm) and cell elongation factor (1.14 vs. 1.10) than the erythrocytes of males. Though the average cell volume was not signifi cantly different, morphometry data showed that the erythrocytes in males were smaller and with lesser prominence than in females, which is congruent with higher RDW and lower hemoglobin concentration in the male rabbits’ blood, and presumably the higher presence of microcytes in the blood of male rabbits. In conclusion, erythrocyte morphometry may provide valuable data about the changes in erythrocyte morphology and could complement the results obtained by standard hematology methods.

Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Zealand white rabbits

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Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Zealand white rabbits

Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Blood cell count analyses and erythrocyte morphometry in New Zealand white rabbits