/pdf/concepts-of-hydrological-connectivity-research-approaches-20rhnezwvz.pdf

Concepts of hydrological connectivity: Research approaches, pathways and future agendas

A step-by-step coordinated design procedure for power system stabilisers (PSSs) and automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) in a strongly coupled system is described in this paper. It is shown that it is possible to separate the design of individual PSSs and separate the design of individual AVRs. Thereby, the designs of AVR and PSS devices at a given machine can be coordinated to achieve near-optimal overall power system stability performance, including oscillation stability performance and transient stability performance. The proposed coordinated PSS/AVR design procedure is established within a frequency-domain framework and serves as a most useful small-signal complement to established large-signal transient simulation studies.

Enhanced Power System Stability by Coordinated PSS Design

The development of the field-scale Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) modelwas initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil,climate and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of U.S. agriculturalproduction regions. The first major application of EPIC was a national analysis performed insupport of the 1985 Resources Conservation Act (RCA) assessment. The model has continuouslyevolved since that time and has been applied for a wide range of field, regional, and nationalstudies both in the U.S. and in other countries. The range of EPIC applications has also expandedgreatly over that time including studies of: (1) surface runoff and leaching estimates of nitrogenand phosphorus losses from fertilizer and manure applications, (2) leaching and runoff fromsimulated pesticide applications, (3) soil erosion losses from wind erosion, (4) climate changeimpacts on crop yield and erosion, and (5) soil carbon sequestration assessments. The EPICacronym now stands for Erosion Policy Impact Climate, to reflect the greater diversity ofproblems that the model is currently applied to. The Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) model isessentially a multi-field version of EPIC that was developed in the late 1990s to addressenvironmental problems associated with livestock and other agricultural production systems on awhole farm or small watershed basis. The APEX model also continues to evolve and to be utilizedfor a wide variety of environmental assessments. The historical development will be presentedfor both models as well as example applications at several different scales.

/pdf/historical-development-and-applications-of-the-epic-and-apex-vuuq3tr60h.pdf

Historical Development and Applications of the EPIC and APEX Models

Current models of diffuse pollution are characterised by a progressive engagement with remotely-sensed data coupled with more elegant modelling approaches. Central to these new models is the concept of connectivity, which leads to the identification and prioritisation of those landscape units (e.g., fields) where the consequences of land management activities are most readily transmitted to watercourses. The practice of diffuse pollution modelling using such models encounters certain problems. Following Brewer (1999) we argue that interdisciplinarity offers the opportunity to overcome these problems through: (1) its explicit recognition of the framing implicit in model development; (2) an emphasis on context in problem-solving; (3) methodological pluralism; and (4) following from these other factors, the possibility of a different sort of engagement between land managers and modellers. Hence, the case for developing interdisciplinary approaches goes beyond the conventional dictates of problem-led research and points to very different ways of conducting diffuse pollution research, taking on board the full dimensions of interdisciplinarity, with its emphasis on reflexivity, contextuality, substance and engagement.

Surveillant Science: Challenges for the Management of Rural Environments Emerging from the New Generation Diffuse Pollution Models

Synthesizing water quality indicators from standardized geospatial information to remedy water security challenges: A review.

Individuals with misophonia, a disorder involving extreme sound sensitivity, report significant anger, disgust, and anxiety in response to select but usually common sounds. While estimates of prevalence within certain populations such as college students have approached 20%, it is currently unknown what percentage of people experience misophonic responses to such “trigger” sounds. Furthermore, there is little understanding of the fundamental processes involved. In this study, we aimed to characterize the distribution of misophonic symptoms in a general population, as well as clarify whether the aversive emotional responses to trigger sounds are partly caused by acoustic salience of the sound itself, or by recognition of the sound. Using multi-talker babble as masking noise to decrease participants' ability to identify sounds, we assessed how identification of common trigger sounds related to subjective emotional responses in 300 adults who participated in an online study. Participants were asked to listen to and identify neutral, unpleasant and trigger sounds embedded in different levels of the masking noise (signal-to-noise ratios: −30, −20, −10, 0, +10 dB), and then to evaluate their subjective judgment of the sounds (pleasantness) and emotional reactions to them (anxiety, anger, and disgust). Using participants' scores on a scale quantifying misophonia sensitivity, we selected the top and bottom 20% scorers from the distribution to form a Most-Misophonic subgroup (N = 66) and Least-Misophonic subgroup (N = 68). Both groups were better at identifying triggers than unpleasant sounds, which themselves were identified better than neutral sounds. Both groups also recognized the aversiveness of the unpleasant and trigger sounds, yet for the Most-Misophonic group, there was a greater increase in subjective ratings of negative emotions once the sounds became identifiable, especially for trigger sounds. These results highlight the heightened salience of trigger sounds, but furthermore suggest that learning and higher-order evaluation of sounds play an important role in misophonia.

Specificity of Affective Responses in Misophonia Depends on Trigger Identification

Modelling risk, trade, agricultural and environmental policies to assess trade-offs between water quality and welfare in the hog industry

/pdf/sleep-affects-higher-level-categorization-of-speech-sounds-1sth0ig0.pdf

Sleep affects higher-level categorization of speech sounds, but not frequency encoding

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Specificity of Affective Responses in Misophonia Depends on Trigger Identification

Modelling risk, trade, agricultural and environmental policies to assess trade-offs between water quality and welfare in the hog industry

Sleep affects higher-level categorization of speech sounds, but not frequency encoding