The global production of textiles is in a steep rise. Consequently, managing subsequent post-industrial textile waste is becoming increasingly challenging. In the absence of proper waste management facilities, post-industrial textile wastes are mostly landfilled or incinerated, leading to create both environmental and social hazardous. This research investigated a novel method of developing sound insulation materials using cotton/polyester mixed wastes and natural rubber. Compression moulding technique was used to produce sample materials, using natural rubber as a bonding agent. A range of samples have been prepared by varying the moulding pressure, temperature and the panel thickness. The acoustic properties were assessed based on the Sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and the noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of the materials measured using the impedance tube apparatus. Optimum parameters were obtained at moulding pressure of 15 Tons on 4” diameter ram and compression temperature at 150 °C. NRC values of the newly developed materials ranged in between 0.5 and 0.7. Test results showed that the sound insulation properties of the samples were in par with the commercially available sound insulation panels. Moreover, the results showed that the sound insulation property of the panels increased with increasing thickness.

An environmentally friendly sound insulation material from post-industrial textile waste and natural rubber

PVA/nanoclay/graphene oxide aerogels with enhanced sound absorption properties

In this study, noise generation is investigated for a generic voluteless centrifugal HVAC fan at an off-design operation point where tonal noise increases. The simulations are performed by coupling IDDES with the FW-H acoustic analogy, and the experiments are conducted in a rig consisting of a plenum chamber and a reverberation room. In contrast to typical tonal noise sources induced by the fan blades, we find out that another predominant source is the turbulence stemming from the gap between the fan shroud and the inlet duct. The turbulence evolves along with the shroud and is swept downstream to interact with the top side of the blade leading edge. The interaction accounts for uneven surface pressure distribution on the blades. Moreover, the pressure is significantly unsteady near the shroud. The power spectral density (PSD) of the noise shows obvious tones at 273Hz that is approximately equal to the difference of the blade passing frequency (BPF0) and the fan rotation frequency. By coarsening the mesh resolution near the inlet gap and shroud, we artificially deactivate the gap turbulence in the numerical simulations and, consequently, detect that the tone at 273Hz disappears completely. At this frequency, the PSD contours of surface pressure fluctuations are found potent at the inlet gap and the blade top side only if the gap turbulence is resolved. These findings indicate that the tonal noise source at 273Hz is the interaction between the gap turbulence and blades. As the gap turbulence exists near the shroud wall upstream of the blades, the rotating wall introduces rotational momentum into the turbulence due to the wall friction. Hence the tonal frequency of the interaction is smaller than BPF0 with a decrement of the fan rotation frequency. To the authors' knowledge, it is the first time that voluteless centrifugal fans are studied for the noise generation from the gap turbulence.

/pdf/tonal-noise-of-voluteless-centrifugal-fan-generated-by-4rakjabhmx.pdf

Tonal Noise of Voluteless Centrifugal Fan Generated by Turbulence Stemming from Upstream Inlet Gap.

Conventional polyurethane foam has non-tunable sound absorption properties. Here, a magneto-induced foam, called magnetorheological (MR) foam, was fabricated with the feature of being able to tune sound absorption properties, primarily from the middle- to higher-frequency ranges. Three different samples of MR foams were fabricated in situ by varying the concentration of Carbonyl Iron Particles (CIPs) (0, 35, and 75 wt.%). The magnetization properties and tunable sound absorption characteristics were evaluated. From the magnetic saturation properties, the results showed very narrow and small coercivity of hysteresis loops relative to the soft magnetic properties of the CIPs. MR foam with 75 wt.% CIPs showed a higher magnetic saturation at 91.350 emu/g compared to MR foam with 35 wt.% CIPs at 63.896 emu/g. For tunable sound absorption testing, the effect of ‘shifting’ to higher frequency was also observed when the magnetic field was applied, which was ~10 Hz for MR foam with 35 wt.% CIPs and ~130 Hz for MR foam with 75 wt.% CIPs. As the latest evolution of semi-active noise control materials, the results from this study are valuable guidance for the advancement of MR-based devices.

Magnetic and Tunable Sound Absorption Properties of an In-Situ Prepared Magnetorheological Foam

Agriculture industry faces the challenge of increasing productivity by 50% from 2012 to 2050 while reducing water usage, given that it currently consumes 69% of the world's freshwater. To achieve this goal, smart technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Twins (DT), and Internet of Things (IoT) are being increasingly utilized. However, the use of DT in agriculture is still in its early stages. This study proposes a smart irrigation framework inspired by digital twins in an application domain. The irrigation framework's sensors and actuators are linked to their virtual counterparts to create a digital twin. The IoT platform collects, aggregates, and processes data to determine daily irrigation requirements, and the behavior of the irrigation system is simulated. The proposed framework has two main advantages: evaluating the behavior of the digital twin and IoT platform in the context of agriculture before integrating them into the field and comparing various irrigation methods with current farming methods. By providing farmers with information about soil, weather, and crops, the system has the potential to improve farm operations and reduce water consumption. 

IoT-digital twin-inspired smart irrigation approach for optimal water utilization

Hybrid predictive based control of precipitation in a water-scarce region: A focus on the application of intelligent learning for green irrigation in agriculture sector

The improvement on the human quality of life and the continuous growth in population in developing and developed societies, have exacerbated the environmental and financial issues. Some of these problems are noise and the different types of human an industrial wastes. Many natural products have been recently developed and tested for acoustic applications. Sound-absorbing materials absorb most of the sound energy striking them and reflect very little. Therefore, sound-absorbing materials have been found to be very useful for the control of room noise. In this study, sound absorption technology as an effective noise reduction technology buildings using sustainable acoustic absorbers, will be discussed.

Noise Reduction in Buildings Using Sound Absorbing Materials

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Hybrid predictive based control of precipitation in a water-scarce region: A focus on the application of intelligent learning for green irrigation in agriculture sector

Noise Reduction in Buildings Using Sound Absorbing Materials