We summarize current knowledge on the effects of the invasive Asian bivalve Limnoperna fortunei (introduced in South America around 1990) on local biota. Limnoperna modifies nutrient concentrations and decreases concentrations of particulate organic matter in the water column (including phytoplankton and zooplankton), thus enhancing light penetration and stimulating growth of periphyton and macrophytes. Selective grazing and modification of the N:P ratio are responsible for strong enhancements of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Limnoperna beds significantly enhance the numbers, biomass, and diversity of practically all accompanying invertebrates. The mussel’s planktonic larvae represent an important food item for the larvae of 18 fish species, while juveniles and adults are consumed by at least 50 fish species. Limnoperna is the first and only abundant benthic filter-feeding animal in South American continental waters. The fact that it intercepts and retains in the freshwater lotic domain particulate organic matter that would otherwise be swept into the sea must represent an important energetic subsidy, but the ecosystem-wide consequences of this trophic shift have not yet been addressed. Comparison with the impacts of the zebra mussel in Europe and North America suggests important differences.

Ecosystem impacts of the invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) in South America

In order to evaluate the effects of the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei on phytoplankton density and composition and nutrient recycling we conducted a 24 h filtration experiment in Rio Tercero Reservoir (Argentina) using four 400 L mesocosms, two of them stocked with 1700-1800 adult mussels each, and two controls (without mussels). Nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton composition and density were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. Estimated filtration rates were 1.48-3.14 mL mg DW -1 h -1 . Grazing pressure by the mussel was not associated with algal taxonomy or cell size. After 24 h, L. fortunei removed 84% of the particulate nitrogen, and 49% of the particulate phosphorus. Nutrient regeneration was very significant as well: ammonium was produced at a rate of 3 μM NH3g DW -1 h -1 , whereas production of phosphates was 0.42 μM PO4g DW -1 h -1 . It is concluded that the impact of L. fortunei on phytoplankton and nutrient cycling can be as significant as that reported for another invasive bivalve - the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in Europe and North America, but the overall effect of this impact on the biota may differ strongly under different environmental settings.

Impact of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) on phytoplankton and nutrient cycling

In order to assess the effects of the introduced bivalve Limnoperna fortunei on water-column properties of Salto Grande reservoir, experiments were conducted using six 400 L mesocosms: 2 with 100 mussels, 2 with 300 mussels, and 2 controls (without mussels). At 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days we measured nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations, counted and identified the phytoplankton, and estimated the density, size, and number of cells of the colonies of Microcystis spp. Cumulative periphyton growth and total accumulated sediments were assessed in all enclosures at the end of the experiment. Throughout the experiment, in the controls ammonia and phosphates dropped to near zero, whereas in the mesocosms with L. fortunei they increased two- to tenfold. Nitrates decreased in all mesocosms. In the presence of the mussel, chlorophyll a and algal cells dropped until day 3 increasing thereafter, whereas in the controls they increased from day 0. Periphyton growth and sediment accumulation were significantly higher in the mesocosms with mussels that in the controls. Cell density, proportion of colonial cells and colony size of Microcystis spp. increased in all enclosures, but these increases were dramatically (and very significantly) higher in enclosures with 100 and, especially, with 300 mussels, than in the controls. Our results indicate that L. fortunei modifies nutrient concentrations and proportions, and promotes aggregation of solitary Microcystis spp. cells into colonies; both these effects can favor blooms of this often noxious cyanobacteria.

The introduced bivalve Limnoperna fortunei boosts Microcystis growth in Salto Grande reservoir (Argentina): evidence from mesocosm experiments

Invasive alien species are responsible for a high economic impact on many sectors worldwide. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies assessing these impacts in Central and South America. Investigating costs of invasions is important to motivate and guide policy responses by increasing stakeholders' awareness and identifying action priorities. Here, we used the InvaCost database to investigate (i) the geographical pattern of biological invasion costs across the region; (ii) the monetary expenditure across taxa and impacted sectors; and (iii) the taxa responsible for more than 50% of the costs (hyper-costly taxa) per impacted sector and type of costs. The total of reliable and observed costs reported for biological invasions in Central and South America was USD 102.5 billion between 1975 and 2020, but about 90% of the total costs were reported for only three countries (Brazil, Argentina and Colombia). Costs per species were associated with geographical regions (i.e., South America, Central America and Islands) and with the area of the countries in km 2. Most of the expenses were associated with damage costs (97.8%), whereas multiple sectors (77.4%), agriculture (15%) and public and social welfare (4.2%) were the most impacted sectors. Aedes spp. was the hyper-costly taxon for the terrestrial environment (costs of USD 25 billion) and water

/pdf/the-economic-costs-of-biological-invasions-in-central-and-3h8j21ur69.pdf

The economic costs of biological invasions in Central and South America: a first regional assessment

§ � SUMMARY 1. Toxic cyanobacterial blooms and biological invasions are major threats to freshwater systems worldwide. While usually dealt with independently, the two threats can interact to produce synergistic or antagonistic outcomes. The aim of this survey is to analyse interactions between the cyanobacterium Microcystis spp. and the Asian invasive mussel Limnoperna fortunei. 2. On the basis of 9 years of observational data in a large subtropical reservoir (Salto Grande, Argentina–Uruguay), we analyse causal relationships between recurring summer–early autumn blooms of Microcystis spp. and recruitment by L. fortunei. Reproduction of the mussel was interrupted during dry summers (January–April), coinciding with periods of peak Microcystis spp. growth and low water discharge (which favours build-up of algal biomass). On the other hand, wet summers with high discharge rates were characterised by low Microcystis spp. densities and high numbers of L. fortunei larvae in the water column. 3. Of the seven South American waterbodies investigated, Salto Grande was the only one with very marked cyanobacterial blooms and where larval numbers decrease to near zero during January– April; in all others, reproduction peaks in January–April. 4. The assumption that microcystin-producing algae are responsible for these troughs during periods when elsewhere larvae are very abundant was reinforced by experimental results indicating that microcystin-LR is highly toxic to the mussel’s larvae, eliminating 58–100% of animals in 48 h at 10–20 l gL 1 . 5. Paradoxically, high concentrations of microcystin in water are probably partly due to L. fortunei’s own activity, which enhances growth of Microcystis spp. through modification of nutrient concentrations, selective grazing of solitary Microcystis spp. cells over colonial ones and production of chemical cues that trigger the formation of colonies. 6. These interactions have important implications for the management of biofouling of industrial raw cooling water facilities by the byssate mussels, as well as policies oriented at curtailing the spread of the invasive bivalve.

Toxic Microcystis (cyanobacteria) inhibit recruitment of the bloom‐enhancing invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei

Limnoperna fortunei is an invasive species in South America. The massive growth of this species became a great problem for environment and for the companies that use raw water. Limnoperna fortunei is a filter-feeding mollusk that feed on phytoplankton and other suspended particles. Filtering mollusks are great toxin bioaccumulators. Then L. fortunei has a potential cyanotoxin bioaccumulation and transfer in the food chain. In this study, in vitro experiments showed that L. fortunei is able to feed on Cyanobacteria toxic species, Microcystis viridis and Pseudanabaena sp. The filtration rates were 17.20 and 24.52mL.mgDW -1 .h -1 , respectively. They were similar as for the Chlorophyta Selenastrum capricornutum – 11.91mL.mgDW -1 .h -1 . Results showed that cyanotoxins bioaccumulation by Limnoperna fortunei could be a future problem because of the high densities reached by these organisms and their feeding utilization by fish.

Alimentação de Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857): taxas de filtração com ênfase ao uso de Cyanobacteria - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1523

The Golden Mussel or Limnoperna fortunei is an invading organism that has caused much damage to water supply systems and hydroeletric power plants, and more recently, it is also causing damage to boat transportation in the "Pantanal" waters of Mato Grosso. The present work, a laboratory and field study of the detachment force of the Golden Mussel, was carried on aiming at the understanding of its relationship with surface free energy and its components. The materials were chosen to cover an ample range of surface free energy, including materials with low surface energy, as polymers, and high surface energy, as the metallic materials. Qualitatively, the performance of stainless steel and copper, tested in the laboratory and field, are consistent with respect to literature results. A linear correlation between surface free energy and mussel detachement force was verified but with a poor correlation coefficient, the strongest effect being due to hydrogen bonds.

/pdf/estudo-das-caracteristicas-antiincrustantes-de-materiais-2sj8abz4jv.pdf

Estudo das características antiincrustantes de materiais

Este trabalho apresenta avaliacoes de qualidade das aguas da bacia decontribuicao do reservatorio de Peti, localizado no alto Rio Doce, em 2014,por meio dos indices saprobiotico Minas-Rio (ISMR) e biological monitoringworking party score system/average score per taxon (BMWP/ASPT) Minas,revisados e consolidados com base em uma serie historica de dadoshidrobiologicos obtida desde 1985. O trabalho disponibiliza uma lista de106 familias e 176 generos de macrozoobentos tropicais loticos, com suasrespectivas valencias e pesos saprobioticos e escores, em conformidade como sistema saprobiotico. A rede de amostragem no alto Rio Doce abrangeu13 sitios de coleta, e as coletas foram processadas segundo o metodomulti-habitat. Os resultados de qualidade de agua foram semelhantes entreos indices aplicados, acusando boa qualidade em quase todos os sitiosinvestigados, exceto em tres, registrados nas classes 3 e 4.

http://rbciamb.com.br/index.php/Publicacoes_RBCIAMB/article/download/38/465

Índices bióticos para avaliação de qualidade de água de rios tropicais – síntese do conhecimento e estudo de caso: bacia do alto rio doce

Feeding of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857): filtration rates with emphasis on Cyanobacteria use

Metalurgia & Materiais Estudo das características antiincrustantes de materiais

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