Introduction In the 19th century Virchow described that metastasis to left supraclavicular lymph nodes (SLN) could originate in neoplasms located under the diaphragm. In the same way, right SLN metastasis are usually thought to arise from thoracic neoplasms. Our aims are to review our experience with metastatic SLN diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to discuss the location of the primary in these cases. Methods We have reviewed all lymph node FNACs diagnosed in a single tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2017 and we have included all cases of metastatic SLN. Results We have found 57 cases of SLN FNAC with a diagnosis of malignancy, 39 of which had no previous diagnosis (17 left, 20 right and 2 bilateral SLN). The most frequent diagnosis were adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma. Right and bilateral SLN showed mainly lung metastasis. Left lesions were more widely distributed, with 11 originating in the lung, followed by the breast, gastroesophageal junction and prostate gland. In two cases, the primary origin was not identified. In SLN with metastasis of a known origin, the main source of the tumor was again the lung and only one case originated in the stomach (left SLN metastasis). Conclusions The origin of SLN metastasis seems to be dependent on both the frequency of tumor types in each geographic area and tumor location. Left SLN are more frequently involved by infradiaphragmatic primary tumors, while right SLN are exclusively involved by supradiaphragmatic neoplasms.

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis: Review of our experience.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as a Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Cervical Lymphadenopathy

Carcinoma penis is a rare malignancy accounting 0.5 to 1% cases in the developed countries with a slightly higher incidence in the developing nations. Slow locoregional progression is characteristic of penile carcinoma and distant metastases are very uncommon. We hereby report a case of highly aggressive squamous cell penile carcinoma in a 46-year-old male with fulminant upfront distant dissemination to left supraclavicular lymph nodes without involving the inguinal and pelvic nodes detected by whole-body 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan. The scan also detected lytic destructive lesion involving the pelvic and adjacent bones with infiltration of skeletal muscles. He was treated with palliative radiotherapy to the weight-bearing sites followed by systemic chemotherapy. A thorough review of literature reveals that our case may be one of the rarest cases ever reported in world literature where an asymptomatic penile carcinoma presents with upfront supraclavicular lymph node metastasis bypassing the inguinal, pelvic, and retroperitoneal lymph node chains.

Carcinoma Penis Manifesting as Upfront Supraclavicular Lymph Node Metastases Detected by 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Scan: Report of an Extremely Rare and Aggressive Case

Background: Cervical Lymphadenopathy is one of the commonest and sometimes only clinical finding for a benign and malignant lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a simple, safe, rapid and inexpensive method for establishing the diagnosis of lesions. Metastasis is more common in cervical lymph node and enlarged cervical nodes in an elderly patient must be considered as metastatic until proved otherwise. Methods: Retrospectively, 320 cases of left cervical lymph node FNAC were collected from five years record (May 2010 - June 2014) at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. Review of all cytological reports were done according to standard guidelines and the morphological features of all non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions were analysed. Results: Out of 320 cases 33% showed reactive lymphadenitis, 29% showed metastatic deposits, 14% showed features of granulomatous and necrotizing lymphadenitis, 9% were tuberculous lymphadenitis. In the present study, reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of enlarged lymph nodes followed by metastatic deposits. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common metastatic lesions of lymphnode and comprise of 65% of the cases. Out of 62 cases of SCC 74% were keratinized, 16% were non keratinized, 29% cases showed granulomas. Non keratinization, presence of granuloma, plasma cells and eosinophils favours metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Keratinization favours squamous cell carcinoma and absence of eosinophils and plasma cells in the background favors SCC metastasis from other sites. Conclusion: The present study highlight the usefulness of FNAC in left cervical lymphadenopathy where metastasis is common. Thus the knowledge about the cytological features and patterns will help the clinician to detect the respective cases early for investigations and treatment.

Are all left supraclavicular lymphadenopathies Virchow's? A retrospective study of 320 left cervical lymphadenopathy

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Are all left supraclavicular lymphadenopathies Virchow's? A retrospective study of 320 left cervical lymphadenopathy