The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the properties of clay soils lead to a very simple equation for computing the ultimate bearing capacity or maximum pressure to which the soil can be subjected without complete failure. This equation refers to a rectangular footing having a width B and length L. The expression is Q(sub d) equals 2.85 Q(sub u) (1 plus 0.3 B/L) in which Q(sub u) is the unconfined compressive strength of the clay beneath the loaded area, and Q(sub d) is the ultimate bearing capacity. The unconfined compressive strength of a clay soil can be determined readily by relatively rapid and inexpensive methods.

The bearing capacity of clays

Marine foundations are used to transmit structural design loadings to the subsoil. The type of foundation element to be employed will depend on (1) the nature of loading, (2) the stiffness and strength of the surface sediments, and (3) the desires of the builder. A summary of the common platform types is shown in Figure 18.1. The two major foundation types are those that employ a surface loading mechanism (shallow foundations) and those that extend down through the surface sediments to a lower layer (deep foundations). An example of a foundation system for surface loading is the mat used on a gravity platform. The deep pile that is used on a jacket platform is an example of a deep foundation system. Examples of various marine foundation types are presented in Figures 18.2a and 18.2b.

Offshore Structure Foundations

Geotechnika partnerem okrętownictwa

Geoinżynieria a obiekty pełnomorskie

Predicting jack-up spudcan installation in sand overlying stiff clay

A three‐leg jack‐up mobile drilling platform operates in the South Baltic. The installation of this unit at each drilling location is preceded by a site investigation, by laboratory soil tests, and by the prediction of leg penetration. A method for the theoretical modeling of the leg penetration process was developed, based on a two‐step bearing‐capacity procedure. The application of this method for the prediction of the leg penetration gives results which are close to the observed leg penetration values.

Penetration of jack‐up platform footings into the seabed

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Penetration of jack‐up platform footings into the seabed