The trend of growth and aging of population worldwide will pose new challenges in health care, which will require faster solutions addressed to specific pacient needs. In this regard, additive manufacturing (AM) is a group of promising technologies capable of delivering custom biomedical parts of high complexity in reduced lead time. Although it has emerged commercially in the 1980s as a rapid prototyping and modeling technique, it is now applied to production of a wide range of shapes with various possible materials. In this work, the technological aspects of each type of AM process were reviewed according to their advantages, limitations and potential or current applications for the production of medical devices. Direct comparisons of resolution, price and printing speed made possible to identify the most important niche for each AM process in health care sciences. In one hand, the many variables involved make these processes difficult to model and control, but in the other hand, they allow fine tuning of the microstructure to produce purposeful anisotropy, porosity and varying chemical composition, which may be desired in many medical devices. In addition, since the AM technologies have different working principles and feedstock requirements, the historic concept and classification of biomaterials were also assessed in view of their application for tissue engineering, implantable devices and surgery equipment among other uses. The discussion of materials and manufacturing methods was based on several research works and commercial products, which show a extremely fast developing field with a broad range of current and future possibilities in terms of biomedical applications.

A comprehensive review on additive manufacturing of medical devices

This chapter will focus on the combination of supply chain management and digital technology. Starting from the popular digital terms in the current market, the authors examine the current environment of the development, including Chinese government policies and the industry situation, and then compare the different characteristics of Industry 4.0 before and after digitization by combining the two digital technologies (i.e., blockchain and internet of things [IoT]). Moreover, the advantages of the integration of internet of things and blockchain in supply chain management will be highlighted. At the same time, according to the changes brought by digitization, the added value of IoT and blockchain integration will be analyzed from the perspective of different stakeholders. In addition, some Chinese case studies will be introduced to show the innovative performance of and benefits for enterprises, to provide references for enterprises, and to implement IoT for smart economic growth.

Integration of IoT and Blockchain for Smart and Secured Supply Chain Management

Generation and evaluation of automation concepts of additive process chains with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Force-controlled burnishing process for high surface integrity on additive manufactured parts

Manufacturing companies across multiple industries face an increasingly dynamic and unpredictable environment. This development can be seen on both the market and supply side. To respond to these challenges, manufacturing companies must implement smart manufacturing systems and become more flexible and agile. The flexibility in operational planning regarding the scheduling and sequencing of customer orders needs to be increased and new structures must be implemented in manufacturing systems’ fundamental design as they constitute much of the operational flexibility available. To this end, smart and more flexible solutions for production planning and control (PPC) are developed. However, scheduling or sequencing is often only considered isolated in a predefined stable environment. Moreover, their orientation on the fundamental logic of the existing IT solutions and their applicability in a dynamic environment is limited. This paper presents a conceptual model for a task-based description logic that can be applied to factory planning, technology planning, and operational control. By using service-oriented architectures, the goal is to generate smart manufacturing systems. The logic is designed to allow for easy and automated maintenance. It is compatible with the existing resource and process allocation logic across operational and strategic factory and production planning.

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A Basic Description Logic for Service-Oriented Architecture in Factory Planning and Operational Control in the Age of Industry 4.0

Major challenges in the tool and die making sector are product derivatization and the increasing global market competition for tooling companies. This results in increased cost pressure for the small and medium sized enterprises in this market sector. Due to the time-consuming manufacturing of tools for mass production and high quality standards, alternative approaches are needed for the conventional tool production process. The industrial tool and die making process focusses automation approaches and the integration of new manufacturing technologies. An interlinked shopfloor and a manufacturing system that allows a flexible part production are further scopes for an economic process design. To evaluate the manufacturing resources, a matching concept is needed that allows a holistic evaluation within a generic structure. The presented evaluation method realizes these requirements and helps to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of the manufacturing resources of a flexible manufacturing system by focusing on the three target criteria of production systems in the tool and die making sector: Productivity, quality and flexibility of the manufacturing resources. To implement this evaluation, the manufacturing resource level is reduced to sublevels, where the individual machines and systems are evaluated separately to unfold the potential of the components of the manufacturing system. With this approach, all key figures aggregate to an overall performance index of the flexible manufacturing system.

Resource Evaluation of Interlinked Manufacturing Systems in Tooling

Development of a voxelization tool for the calculation of vector-based workpiece representations

Development of handling system concepts for additive process chains with Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF)

Periphery evaluation for interlinked manufacturing systems in industrial tooling

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