Charging and discharging optimization strategy for electric vehicles considering elasticity demand response

There is a continuous and fast increase in electric vehicles (EVs) adoption in many countries due to the reduction of EVs prices, governments’ incentives and subsidies on EVs, the need for energy independence, and environmental issues. It is expected that EVs will dominate the private cars market in the coming years. These EVs charge their batteries from the power grid and may cause severe effects if not managed properly. On the other hand, they can provide many benefits to the power grid and get revenues for EV owners if managed properly. The main contribution of the article is to provide a review of potential negative impacts of EVs charging on electric power systems mainly due to uncontrolled charging and how through controlled charging and discharging those impacts can be reduced and become even positive impacts. The impacts of uncontrolled EVs charging on the increase of peak demand, voltage deviation from the acceptable limits, phase unbalance due to the single-phase chargers, harmonics distortion, overloading of the power system equipment, and increase of power losses are presented. Furthermore, a review of the positive impacts of controlled EVs charging and discharging, and the electrical services that it can provide like frequency regulation, voltage regulation and reactive power compensation, congestion management, and improving power quality are presented. Moreover, a few promising research topics that need more investigation in future research are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the concepts and general background of EVs, EVs market, EV charging technology, the charging methods are presented.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4675/pdf

Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems

The role of electric vehicles (EVs) in energy systems will be crucial over the upcoming years due to their environmental-friendly nature and ability to mitigate/absorb excess power from renewable energy sources. Currently, a significant focus is given to EV smart charging (EVSC) solutions by researchers and industries around the globe to suitably meet the EVs' charging demand while overcoming their negative impacts on the power grid. Therefore, effective EVSC strategies and technologies are required to address such challenges. This review paper outlines the benefits and challenges of the EVSC procedure from different points of view. The role of EV aggregator in EVSC, charging methods and objectives, and required infrastructure for implementing EVSC are discussed. The study also deals with ancillary services provided by EVSC and EVs' load forecasting approaches. Moreover, the EVSC integrated energy systems, including homes, buildings, integrated energy systems, etc., are reviewed, followed by the smart green charging solutions to enhance the environmental benefit of EVs. The literature review shows the efficiency of EVSC in reducing charging costs by 30 %, grid operational costs by 10 %, and renewable curtailment by 40 %. The study gives key findings and recommendations which can be helpful for researchers and policymakers. 

A comprehensive review on electric vehicles smart charging: Solutions, strategies, technologies, and challenges

Application of renewable energy technology is essential for achieving zero carbon buildings within the timescale envisaged by the UK government and the EU because the carbon intensity of the grid will still be high (well above 70% of current level) by 2016 and 2019. The biomass is a key renewable energy source, but its use in buildings is often affected by the emission of particulates and other pollutants in the waste gas, resulting in significant resistant to the technology by building users. The proposed research investigated various ways of removing pollutants, from the exhaust gas of biomass boilers. The review of literature shows that low cost and low maintenance technologies e.g. cyclones are preferred choices however they come with some limitation in removal of particulates. Recent advances in flue gas cleaning came with novel hybrid solutions to overcome traditionally used technologies for flue gas cleaning. Use of electrostatic preceptors with combination of other technologies is one example. The study found that it is difficult to obtain high removal efficiency for smaller particle range and require combination of technologies and improved hybrid solutions.

A review on methods of flue gas cleaning from combustion of biomass

The uptake of electric vehicles supports decarbonization and increasingly interconnects the electricity and transport system. While the integration of electric vehicles could challenge electricity grids, bidirectional power flows between vehicles and grids could support grid operations. Despite the globally increasing number of Vehicle-to-X trials, including Vehicle-to-Grid and Vehicle-to-Customer, an in-depth understanding of trial implementations and expert experiences has largely been overlooked although they are both crucial for technological development and deployment. Based on our analysis of a global Vehicle-to-X trial database and 47 interviews with experts from industry and academia, we (i) provide an overview of the implementation status of Vehicle-to-X and analyze predominate trial configurations, i.e. combinations of characteristics, (ii) identify important technical, social and regulatory challenges for the implementation of Vehicle-to-X and assess and discuss expert evaluations of these challenges and (iii) derive implications for different actors. The most predominate trial configurations are Vehicle-to-Customer and transmission-level services provided by commercial fleets that charge at work due to current practical advantages of centralized approaches. From a technical standpoint, we find that although Vehicle-to-X can defer or even mitigate grid reinforcement at the distribution level, this potential is highly dependent on local conditions. Regarding social aspects, incentives and Vehicle-to-X operations need to be tailored to different vehicle users. Concerning regulation, it is imperative to avoid double taxation of electricity, simplify market participation for small providers, and further develop Vehicle-to-X standards. Implications for actors include the evaluation and enablement of portfolios with different flexibility assets, and stacking of services to increase revenue streams and reduce risk resulting from variations in driving patterns and charging behavior.

Vehicle-to-X (V2X) implementation: An overview of predominate trial configurations and technical, social and regulatory challenges

Carbon efficient smart charging using forecasts of marginal emission factors

A decentralized approach towards resolving transmission grid congestion in Germany using vehicle-to-grid technology

Evaluating the importance and impact of user behavior on public destination charging of electric vehicles

Investigations on fine particle separation using an electrostatic nozzle scrubber

89. Untersuchungen zum Einfluß elektrostatischer Effekte auf die Naßentstaubung

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