Introduction In resource-limited settings incorporating the Telemedicine system into the healthcare system enhances exchanging valid health information for practicing evidence-based medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Despite its great importance, the adoption of telemedicine in low-income country settings, like Ethiopia, was lagging and increasingly failed. Assessing the readiness of health professionals before the actual adoption of telemedicine is considered the prominent solution to tackle the problem. However, little is known about Health professionals’ telemedicine readiness in this study setting. Objective Accordingly, this study aimed to assess health professionals’ readiness and its associated factors to implement a Telemedicine system at private hospitals in North West, Ethiopia. Materials and methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 3 to April 7, 2021. A total of 423 health professionals working in private hospitals were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Multi-variable logistic regression was fitted to identify determinant factors of health professional readiness after the other covariates were controlled. Result In this study the overall readiness of telemedicine adoption was 65.4% (n = 268) [95% CI:60.1–69.8]. Knowledge (AOR = 2.5;95% CI: [1.4, 4.6]), Attitude (AOR = 3.2;95% CI: [1.6, 6.2]), computer literacy (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: [1.3, 3.9]), computer training (AOR = 2.1;95% CI: [1.1, 4.1]), Computer skill (AOR = 1.9;95% CI: [1.1, 3.4]), computer access at office (AOR = 2.1;95% CI: [1.1, 3.7]), Internet access at office (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: [1.6, 5.1]), Own personal computer (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI: [1.5, 5.9]) and work experience (AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: [1.4, 6.7]) were significantly associated with the overall health professionals readiness for the adoption of telemedicine using a cut point of p-value lessthan 0.05. Conclusion and recommendation Around two-thirds of the respondents had a good level of overall readiness for the adoption of telemedicine. The finding implied that less effort is required to improve readiness before the implementation of telemedicine. This findings implied that respondents who had good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward telemedicine were more ready for such technology. Capacity building is needed Enhance computer literacy, and computer skills building their confidence to rise ready for such technology. Building their capacity through training, building good internet connection, and availability of computers, where the necessary measures to improve Telemedicine readiness in this setting. Additionally, further studies are recommended to encompass all types of telemedicine readiness such as organizational readiness, technology readiness, societal readiness, and so on. Additionally, exploring the healthcare provider opinion with qualitative study and extending the proposed study to other implementation settings are recommended to be addressed in future works. The study has a positive impact on the successful implementation and use of telemedicine throughout hospitals at countries level by providing pertinent information about health professionals’ preparedness status. Therefore, implementing telemedicine will have a significant contribution to the health system performance improvement in terms of providing quality care, accessibility to health facilities, reduction of costs, and creating a platform for communication between health professionals across different health institutions for providing quality patient care.

/pdf/health-professionals-readiness-and-its-associated-factors-to-21jbdm1c.pdf

Health professionals’ readiness and its associated factors to implement Telemedicine system at private hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia 2021

BACKGROUND
Readiness is an integral and preliminary step in the successful implementation of telehealth services into existing health systems within rural communities.


METHODS AND MATERIALS
This paper details and critiques published international peer-reviewed studies that have focused on assessing telehealth readiness for rural and remote health. Background specific to readiness and change theories is provided, followed by a critique of identified telehealth readiness models, including a commentary on their readiness assessment tools.


RESULTS
Four current readiness models resulted from the search process. The four models varied across settings, such as rural outpatient practices, hospice programs, rural communities, as well as government agencies, national associations, and organizations. All models provided frameworks for readiness tools. Two specifically provided a mechanism by which communities could be categorized by their level of telehealth readiness.


DISCUSSION
Common themes across models included: an appreciation of practice context, strong leadership, and a perceived need to improve practice. Broad dissemination of these telehealth readiness models and tools is necessary to promote awareness and assessment of readiness. This will significantly aid organizations to facilitate the implementation of telehealth.

/pdf/symposium-preparing-for-success-readiness-models-for-rural-3b9g2nyfhv.pdf

Symposium - Preparing for Success: Readiness Models for Rural Telehealth

Abstract Introduction: in resource-limited settings incorporating the Telemedicine system into the healthcare system enhances exchanging valid health information for practicing evidence-based medicine for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. The successful implementation of a telemedicine system in health care inquires a study of numerous technical, organizational, infrastructure, and human elements. Objective: This study aimed to assess health professionals' readiness and its associated factors to implement a Telemedicine system at private hospitals in Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2021. Method: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 health professionals from March 3 to April 7 2021 at private hospitals in Amhara Region. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics,bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analyses were performed. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used to determine the s association between the independent and the outcome variable. Result: About Two-third (268;65.4%) of health professionals were ready to Telemedicine system.Knowledge (AOR=2.5;95% CI: [1.4, 4.6]), Attitude (AOR=3.2;95% CI: [(1.6,6.2]), computer literacy (AOR=2.2; 95% CI: [1.3, 3.9]), computer training (AOR=2.1;95% CI: [1.1, 4.1]), Computer skill (AOR=1.9;95% CI:[1.1, 3.4]),computer access at office (AOR = 2.1;95% CI: [1.1,3.7],Internet access at office (AOR=2.8;95%CI: [1.6,5.1]),Own personal computer(AOR=3.0;95% CI: [1.5,5.9])and work experience(AOR=3.1;95%CI: [1.4,6.7]) were significantly associated withTelemedicine readiness . Conclusion and Recommendation : In general the overall readiness of health professionals for the Telemedicine system is moderate. Inclusive packages of capacity building are fundamental to increasing the level of, knowledge, attitude, and training among health professionals. 

Health Professionals' Readiness And Its Associated Factors To Implement Telemedicine System At Private Hospitals In Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2021

This research study is conducted to assess Ehealth readiness within the Libyan national health services by carrying out research case studies of hospitals and clinics in both urban and rural areas of Libya. The outcome results will help constructing framework for Ehealth implementation in the Libyan National Health Service (LNHS). The research study assessed how prescription were prescribed, information communication technology (ICT) was used in recording healthcare information, patients were referred, how healthcare staff carry out their consultations, and how they were trained to use IT. This research study was carried out in Zawia, Misrata, Sirt, Benghazi, Tripoli and Sabha healthcare institutions and was focused upon both five urban and rural area and explored the readiness levels of the technical, political, healthcare and social factors that need to be examined when healthcare information systems are planned. Qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires were formulated for this research and used the Chan framework (2010) for their formulations. Data were managed using NVIVO for interviews and an SPSS statistical package for Questionnaires. The findings from this research indicated that there was no evidence of Ehealth technology in the LNHS found by the researcher and insufficient IT support and staff ICT training. These results from the rural and urban healthcare institutions place them on the Ehealth Maturity Curve at the interaction and presence stages (level zero). Thus it is essential for specific Ehealth frameworks to be created that are based around these findings for moving the Ehealth technology usage in these healthcare institutions from 0 to 2 in the E-Health Maturity Curve levels.

Assessing Ehealth Readiness Within the Libyan National Health Service by Carrying Out Research Case Studies of Hospitals and Clinics in Both Urban and Rural Areas of Libya

Objective To assess the awareness and readiness of mental healthcare providers to implement telemental health services and the associated factors at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia. Study design A cross-sectional study was conducted among mental health professionals working at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City from 4 May to 10 June 2022. Participants A total of 413 (55.7% male and 44.3% female) health professionals participated in the study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. All mental healthcare providers working at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City were considered as the source population. Mental healthcare providers who meet the inclusion criteria were considered the study population. Having a minimum diploma qualification and 6 months or more of work experience and giving written consent were considered the inclusion criteria. Outcome measure The main outcome measure was awareness and readiness to implement telemental health services. Result A total of 413 participants were enrolled, with a response rate of 90.6%. The prevalence of good awareness towards telemental health services was 41% (95% CI 37%, 47%). Being female (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.34; 95% CI 0.15, 0.76), having poor information technology support (AOR=0.32; 95% CI 0.11, 0.99) and having electronic health technology experience (AOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.1, 2.44) were significantly associated with awareness of telemental health services, whereas computer access at the workplace (AOR=0.04; 95% CI 0.003, 0.55) and awareness (AOR=4.34; 95% CI 1.02, 18.48) and attitude (AOR=1.01; 95% CI 1.03, 2.19) towards telemental health services were the variables that showed statistically significant association with readiness of mental healthcare providers for telemental health services. Conclusion Although majority of healthcare providers in this survey were prepared to implement telemental health services, there was typically little awareness among mental healthcare providers. 

Awareness and readiness of mental healthcare providers to implement telemental health services and associated factors at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

This piece of work provides an assessment of the readiness levels within both urban and rural hospitals and clinics in Libya for the implementation of Ehealth systems. This then enabled the construction of a framework for Ehealth implementation in the Libyan National Health Service (LNHS). The study assessed how medications were prescribed, patients were referred, information communication technology (ICT) was utilised in recording patient records, how healthcare staff were trained to use ICT and the ways in which consultations were carried out by healthcare staff. The research was done in five rural healthcare institutions and five urban healthcare institutions and focused on the readiness levels of the technology, social attitudes, engagement levels and any other needs that were apparent (Jennett et al., 2010; Hasanain et al., 2014). Collection of the data was carried out using a mixed method approach with qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires (Molina et al., 2010; Creswell and Plano, 2010; Mason, 2006; Cathain, 2009; Cathain et al. 2008). The study indicated that any IT equipment present was not being utilised for clinical purposes and there was no evidence of any Ehealth technologies being employed. This implies that the maturity level of the healthcare institutions studied was zero.

What Changes Need to be Made within the LNHS for Ehealth Systems to be Successfully Implemented

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What Changes Need to be Made within the LNHS for Ehealth Systems to be Successfully Implemented

Assessing Ehealth Readiness Within the Libyan National Health Service by Carrying Out Research Case Studies of Hospitals and Clinics in Both Urban and Rural Areas of Libya