[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Review on the toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: an oestrogenic mycotoxin.

Recently a novel DNA virus (Torque Teno Virus (TTV) has been identified in Japan and shown to be associated with elevated aminotransferase s levels after transfusion. However the exact role of TTV in pathogenesis of liver disease is yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients and its relationship with elevated alanine-aminotransfrase (ALT) and aspartateaminotransfrase (AST). This cross-sectional analysis study was conducted on 452 thallasemic patients. Serums were collected from all of the patients, first ALT and AST levels were determined. Then, after DNA extraction, TTV DNA was amplified and detected using semi-nested PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. Demographic characteristics and clinical data were collected from each participant for statistical analysis. The findings showed that 160 of 452 (35.4%) samples had TTV DNA detected by PCR. From 160 TTV DNA positive, 98 (61.20%) were female and 62 (38.80%) of them were male (P=0.549). The mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive group were higher than in TTV negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The result showed that the prevalence of TTV in thalassemic patients in Jahrom is less than other studies in Iran and the mean ALT and AST values in TTV positive individuals were about 2 times more than in TTV negative individuals.

/pdf/molecular-prevalence-and-clinical-importance-of-torque-teno-2fi9z1ixeg.pdf

Molecular Prevalence and Clinical Importance of Torque Teno Virus Infection in Thalassemia Patients as High Risk Individuals

Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel, mesocarp, aril and differently produced juices by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n).

Quality of life in patients with breast cancer is an important outcome. This paper presents an extensive overview on the topic ranging from descriptive findings to clinical trials. This was a bibliographic review of the literature covering all full publications that appeared in English language biomedical journals between 1974 and 2007. The search strategy included a combination of key words 'quality of life' and 'breast cancer' or 'breast carcinoma' in titles. A total of 971 citations were identified and after exclusion of duplicates, the abstracts of 606 citations were reviewed. Of these, meetings abstracts, editorials, brief commentaries, letters, errata and dissertation abstracts and papers that appeared online and were indexed ahead of publication were also excluded. The remaining 477 papers were examined. The major findings are summarized and presented under several headings: instruments used, validation studies, measurement issues, surgical treatment, systemic therapies, quality of life as predictor of survival, psychological distress, supportive care, symptoms and sexual functioning. Instruments-Several valid instruments were used to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its breast cancer specific complementary measure (EORTC QLQ-BR23) and the Functional Assessment Chronic Illness Therapy General questionnaire (FACIT-G) and its breast cancer module (FACIT-B) were found to be the most common and well developed instruments to measure quality of life in breast cancer patients. Surgery-different surgical procedures led to relatively similar results in terms of quality of life assessments, although mastectomy patients compared to conserving surgery patients usually reported a lower body image and sexual functioning. Systemic therapies-almost all studies indicated that breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy might experience several side-effects and symptoms that negatively affect their quality of life. Adjuvant hormonal therapies also were found to have similar negative impact on quality of life, although in general they were associated with improved survival. Quality of life as predictor of survival-similar to known medical factors, quality of life data in metastatic breast cancer patients was found to be prognostic and predictive of survival time. Psychological distress-anxiety and depression were found to be common among breast cancer patients even years after the disease diagnosis and treatment. Psychological factors also were found to predict subsequent quality of life or even overall survival in breast cancer patients. Supportive care-clinical treatments to control emesis, or interventions such as counseling, providing social support and exercise could improve quality of life. Symptoms-Pain, fatigue, arm morbidity and postmenopausal symptoms were among the most common symptoms reported by breast cancer patients. As recommended, recognition and management of these symptoms is an important issue since such symptoms impair health-related quality of life. Sexual functioning-breast cancer patients especially younger patients suffer from poor sexual functioning that negatively affect quality of life. There was quite an extensive body of the literature on quality of life in breast cancer patients. These papers have made a considerable contribution to improving breast cancer care, although their exact benefit was hard to define. However, quality of life data provided scientific evidence for clinical decision-making and conveyed helpful information concerning breast cancer patients' experiences during the course of the disease diagnosis, treatment, disease-free survival time, and recurrences; otherwise finding patient-centered solutions for evidence-based selection of optimal treatments, psychosocial interventions, patient-physician communications, allocation of resources, and indicating research priorities were impossible. It seems that more qualitative research is needed for a better understanding of the topic. In addition, issues related to the disease, its treatment side effects and symptoms, and sexual functioning should receive more attention when studying quality of life in breast cancer patients.

/pdf/health-related-quality-of-life-in-breast-cancer-patients-a-75gh0z7i99.pdf

Health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients: A bibliographic review of the literature from 1974 to 2007

Background and purpose: Widespread use of plant pesticides in agriculture resulted in increasing concerns about pesticide hazards. In this research, the residual levels of pesticides in melons were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Materials and methods: In this study, 75 samples of melons in Tehran market were used for simultaneous analysis of a variety of common pesticides in melons by GC/MS in two modes of scanning and SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring). Results: Among the samples, 8% were found with different types of residual pesticides, including pirimicarb (0.007 μg/g), dimethoate (0.03 μg/g), metalaxyl (0.015 μg/g), Alpha-endosulfan (0.012 μg/g), and permethrin (0.008 μg/g). All contaminations were less than the limits set by the Codex and the United States of America (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The standard limitations of pesticides in melons are not yet recommended in Iran, so, current findings could be used by authorities in determining these residual limits.

Pesticide Residue Levels in Melon Samples Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Introduction: Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of esterified D-galacturonic acid residues in an alpha-(1-4) chain. The acid groups along the chain are largely esterifed with methoxy groups in the natural product. It has broad applications in both food and pharmaceutical industries where it acts as gelling and thickening agent. The present study was designed to determine the galacturonic acid content and degree of pectin esterification.
Materials and Methods: In the current study Record cultivar of sunflower grown in Varamin region of Iran was selected for pectin extraction. The residue was dried in a drying chamber and stored at 4°C before use. The pectin was extracted by using 0.75% sodium hexameta phosphate at the pH of 3, 4 and 5 with the temperature of 75, 85 and 95°C for 20 and 40 minutes and the optimum conditions for the extraction of pectin, galacturonic acid content and the degree of esterification was studied.
Results: The highest yield was obtained at the pH of 5 and temperature of 95°C for 20 min. Galacturonic acid content or degree of purity related to the pectin was from 66.5% to 86%. Degree of esterification of extracted pectin was from 21% to 33% that clearly indicates the low methoxyl nature of the pectin. However, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between mentioned extraction condition factors, that is an important criterion for the quality of the pectin and the degree of esterification.
Conclusion: It seems that the pectin extracted from sunflowers head show a high potential for commercial food applications.

Determination of pectin in sunflower and its application in food industry

Tea is the most widely consumed and popular non-alcoholic beverage in the world. Reactive oxygen spices may cause wide range of damages to biological systems. Purpose of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic of different black tea samples in Iran. The FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay was used for antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content was measured based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that all samples had substantial antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Iranian tea samples had significantly the lowest 0.98 ± 0.15, 0.75 ± 0.17 µmoll-1 and Kenya tea samples had significantly the highest 2.67 ± 0.61, 2.10 ± 0.65 µmoll-1 amount of total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic, respectively. A linear positive relationship was observed between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the black tea samples. These findings suggest that black tea can be considered as natural source of antioxidant and total phenolic compounds.

/pdf/investigation-of-total-antioxidant-capacity-and-total-poly-5cnpghy6jh.pdf

Investigation of total antioxidant capacity and total poly phenols of black tea in Iranian markets

/pdf/determination-of-zinc-and-copper-micronutrients-and-lead-and-11944xfie8.pdf

Determination of Zinc and Copper micronutrients and Lead and Cadmium contaminants in non-alcoholic malt beverages by anodic stripping voltammetry

This study was designed to measure and compare the total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C contents in four orange juice brands which are commercially available in Iran. Total phenols, flavonoids and ascorbic acid content of 100 samples from four different commercial brands were evaluated by the spectrometric method. The concentration of total phenol in commercial orange juice samples was between 28.39 and 114.20 mg gallic acid equivalent per liter (mg GAE/L). The measured range of total flavonoids was from 12.53 to 32.62 mg quercetin equivalent per liter (mg QE/L) and the content of ascorbic acid in the samples was between 29.95 and 93.08 mg/L. The results showed a significant difference between the four brand`s total phenols, flavonoids and vitamin C level (P< 0.05). According to the found variation among different studied brands, setting a determined amount for the measured parameters is suggested.

/pdf/total-phenol-total-flavonoid-and-ascorbic-acid-content-of-3nsz608hly.pdf

Total phenol, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid content of Iranian commercial orange juice

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