Visualized data often have dubious origins and quality. Different forms of uncertainty and errors are also introduced as the data are derived, transformed, interpolated, and finally rendered. In the absence of integrated presentation of data and uncertainty, the analysis of the visualization is incomplete at best and often leads to inaccurate or incorrect conclusions. This paper surveys techniques for presenting data together with uncertainty. These uncertainty visualization techniques present data in such a manner that users are made aware of the locations and degree of uncertainties in their data so as to make more informed analyses and decisions. The techniques include adding glyphs, adding geometry, modifying geometry, modifying attributes, animation, sonification, and psycho-visual approaches. We present our results in uncertainty visualization for environmental visualization, surface interpolation, global illumination with radiosity, flow visualization, and figure animation. We also present a classification of the possibilities in uncertainty visualization, and locate our contributions within this classification.

Approaches to uncertainty visualization

Volume visualization is a method of extracting meaningful information from volumetric data using interactive graphics and imaging. It is concerned with volume data representation, modeling, manipulation, and rendering. Volume data are 3D (possibly time-varying) entities that may have information inside them, may not consist of tangible surfaces and edges, or may be too voluminous to be represented geometrically. They are obtained by sampling, simulation, or modeling techniques. When volumetric data are visualized using a surface-rendering technique, a dimension of information is essentially lost. In response to this, volume rendering techniques were developed that attempt to capture the entire 3D data in a single 2D image. Volume rendering conveys more information than surface-rendered images but at the cost of increased algorithm complexity and consequently increased rendering times. To improve interactivity in volume rendering, many optimization methods both for software and graphics-accelerator implementations as well as several special-purpose volume rendering machines have been developed.

/pdf/7-overview-of-volume-rendering-3uaii3coqa.pdf

7 – Overview of Volume Rendering

We want to express digital communication with a human touch. So we pay attention to the properties of a door because it links one place to another. We think the linking of different places and sharing of places is one of the substantial qualities of network technology. Another reason that we focus on a door is because it bears great meanings. For example, a door is the first spot for a meeting with someone or for kissing someone goodbye. It could be your children, spouse, or your friends. These days, we talk and say hello to friends by Messenger or mobiles. Accustomed to digital devices which neglect time or space, we expect that the devices can carry our emotions to others. However, these have limits in expression. We want to show through the our work "The Door" that network technology should have a little more humanity and love in the near future.

The Door

Uncertainty or errors are introduced in fluid flow data as the data is acquired, transformed and rendered. Although researchers are aware of these uncertainties, little has been done to incorporate them in the existing visualization systems for fluid flow. In the absence of integrated presentation of data and its associated uncertainty, the analysis of the visualization is incomplete at best and may lead to inaccurate or incorrect conclusions. The article presents UFLOW-a system for visualizing uncertainty in fluid flow. Although there are several sources of uncertainties in fluid flow data, in this work, we focus on uncertainty arising from the use of different numerical algorithms for computing particle traces in a fluid flow. The techniques that we have employed to visualize uncertainty in fluid flow include uncertainty glyphs, flow envelopes, animations, priority sequences, twirling batons of trace viewpoints, and rakes. These techniques are effective in making the users aware of the effects of different integration methods and their sensitivity, especially near critical points in the flow field.

UFLOW: visualizing uncertainty in fluid flow

We present a study of the visualization of 3-D second order tensor fields and matrix data. The general problem of visualizing unsymmetric real or complex Hermitian second order tensor fields can be reduced to the simultaneous visualization of a real and symmetric second order tensor field and a real vector field. As opposed to the discrete iconic techniques commonly used in multivariate data visualization, the emphasis is on exploiting the mathematical properties of tensor fields in order to facilitate their visualization and to produce a continuous representation of the data. We focus on interactively sensing and exploring real and symmetric second order tensor data by generalizing the vector notion of streamline to the tensor concept of hyperstreamline. We stress the importance of a structural analysis of the data field analogous to the techniques of vector field topology extraction in order to obtain a unique and objective representation of second order tensor fields.

Visualization of second order tensor fields and matrix data

We introduce the concept of streamballs for flow visualization. Streamballs are based upon implicit surface generation techniques adopted from the well-known metaballs. Their property to split or merge automatically in areas of significant divergence or convergence makes them an ideal tool for the visualization of arbitrary complex flow fields. Using convolution surfaces generated by continuous skeletons for streamball construction offers the possibility to visualize even tensor fields.

https://kluedo.ub.uni-kl.de/files/4903/Brill_Streamball%20techniques%20for%20flow%20visualization.pdf

Streamball techniques for flow visualization

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Streamball techniques for flow visualization