The transformation to Industry 4.0 also transforms the processes of developing intelligent manufacturing production systems. Digital twins may be employed to advance the development of these new (embedded) software systems. However, there is no consensual definition of what a digital twin is. In this paper, we provide an overview of the current state of the digital twin concept and formalize the digital twin concept using the Object-Z notation. This formalization includes the concepts of physical twins, digital models, digital templates, digital threads, digital shadows, digital twins, and digital twin prototypes. The relationships between all these concepts are visualized as class diagrams using the Unified Modeling Language. Our digital twin prototype approach supports engineers in the development and automated testing of complex embedded software systems. This approach enables engineers to test embedded software systems in a virtual context without the need of a connection to a physical object. In continuous integration / continuous deployment pipelines, such digital twin prototypes can be used for automated integration testing and, thus, allow for an agile verification and validation process. In this paper, we demonstrate and report on the application and implementation of a digital twin using the example of two real-world field studies (ocean observation systems and smart farming). For independent replication and extension of our approach by other researchers, we provide a laboratory study published open source on GitHub. 

From Digital Twins to Digital Twin Prototypes: Concepts, Formalization, and Applications

This study examines the articulation of anti-gender politics in the parliamentary debates centred on two citizens’ initiatives in Finland and Romania. Although different in their endeavours (in Finland, supporting equal marriage rights; in Romania, attempting to legislate pre-emptively against them), these citizens’ initiatives resulted in significant defeats for the wider anti-gender campaigns in these countries. Examining closely the parliamentary debates ensuing these proposals, we evidence how anti-gender politics developed in ways specific to each examined polity and served as a key vehicle for different manners of retrogressive mobilisation, which bypassed left–right ideological cleavages and party loyalty. We scrutinise critically the discursive scenarios that coalesce in anti-gender politics in the two countries, and we map out both the commonalities and differences between the antithetic narrative scenarios, which hinge on the position of the child within a heteronormative nuclear family and the depiction of marriage equality as a harbinger of an impending societal collapse.

/pdf/anti-gender-politics-in-finland-and-romania-ha37eu9a.pdf

Anti-gender politics in Finland and Romania

Software visualizations are used by software developers, for instance, for program comprehension. In this context, a less researched aspect is the collaborative use of online visual-ization services. This paper presents the conceptual design and a prototype implementation of our approach for a collaborative software visualization service for program comprehension. The central idea is an online available software-as-a-service application that analyzes, persists, and visualizes software applications which users intend to explore and comprehend via software visualization. The resulting implementation is a redevelopment of our live trace visualization tool Explor Viz. In comparison to other approaches, ExplorViz utilizes WebGL and other browser technologies instead of a game engine to render its visualizations. As a result, we achieve a platform-independent interoperability that is crucial for (remote) collaboration. Here, users can explore the same visualization via our collaboratively usable desktop, virtual reality, and also augmented reality modes. Our prototype follows the Twelve-Factor App methodology to build a cloud-native application that comprises multiple scalable microservices. Thanks to horizontal scaling, our implementation is capable to analyze a large amount of visualization data; thus, allowing multiple users to simultaneously use the software visualization service. We conducted a set of preliminary performance exper-iments to benchmark our prototype's scalability. Results show that the evaluated service scales linearly with increasing load. 

Scalable Collaborative Software Visualization as a Service: Short Industry and Experience Paper

Charting dominant views on gender-sensitive language in the Serbian public sphere, this article points to the ways sociopolitical transformations are grasped and dealt with in postsocialist Serbia. It looks at a case where the legislative action by the state, namely the adoption of the Gender Equality Bill in 2021, disrupted the usual pattern of mutual support between national linguistic experts and the nationalist politics of the state. The debate on the use of social femininatives in Serbian reveals the political force of language ideologies of authenticity, authority, legitimacy and naturalness that mobilise various expert, politicaland social actors whose views often converge in an unexpected manner. It shows that the issue of gender equality in Serbia and in postsocialist Europe in general cannot always be seen as resulting exclusively from the mutually conditioned processes of social movement and countermovement, or of gender mainstreaming and anti-gender backlash; neither can its understanding be reduced to binaries of progressiveness/openness/liberalism/Europeanness vs. conservatism/ nationalism/authoritarianism/anti-Europeanness. Rather, gender equality in these contexts must be seen as part of broader sociopolitical processes at both national and transnational levels.Mapirajuci preovladujuce poglede na rodno osetljiv jezik koji cirkulisu u javnoj sferi, clanak osvetljava nacine razumevanja i prihvatanja sociopolitickih promena u postsocijalistickoj Srbiji. Kroz uvid u debate oko Zakona o rodnoj ravnopravnosti donetog 2021. godine, clanak analizira slucaj kada je drzavnim zakonodajnim aktom prekinut uobicajeni obrazac medusobne podrske izmedu lingvistickih strucnjaka sa nacionalih akademskih institucija s jedne, i nacionalisticke drzavne politike s druge strane. Debata o upotrebi socijalnih femininativa u spskom jeziku ukazuje na politicku snagu jezickih ideologija autenticnosti, autoriteta, legitimnosti i prirodnosti i njihov kapacitet da mobilisu razilicite strucne, politicke i drustvene aktere ciji se pogledi na pitanja rodno osetljivog jezika cesto priblizavaju na neocekivan nacin. Pokazuje da pitanja rodne ravnopravnosti u Srbiji i sire u postsocijalistickoj Evropi nije uvek moguce razumeti kao rezultat dinamike izmedu drustvenih pokreta i kontra-pokreta ili urodnjavanja javnih politika i mobilizacije nazadnih i konzervativnih snaga, niti ih je moguce redukovati na binarne kategorije progresivnosti/otvorenosti/liberalizma/evropejstva i konzervativnosti/nacionalizma/autoritarnosti/anti-evropejstva, vec ih je neophodno posmatrati kao deo sirih, nacionalnih i transnacionalnih procesa.

Gender-sensitive language use in Serbia

Transforming Identities in Contemporary Europe

In software visualization research, various approaches strive to create immersive environments by employing extended reality devices. In that context, only few research has been conducted on the effect of collaborative, i.e., multi-user, extended reality environments. We present our journey toward a web-based approach to enable (location-independent) collaborative program comprehension using desktop, virtual reality, and mobile augmented reality devices. We designed and implemented three multi-user modes in our web-based live trace visualization tool ExplorViz. Users can employ desktop, mobile, and virtual reality devices to collaboratively explore software visualizations. We conducted two preliminary user studies in which subjects evaluated our VR and AR modes after solving common program comprehension tasks. The VR and AR environments can be suitable for collaborative work in the context of program comprehension. The analyzed feedback revealed problems regarding the usability, e.g., readability of visualized entities and performance issues. Nonetheless, our approach can be seen as a blueprint for other researchers to replicate or build upon these modes and results. ExplorViz’s multi-user modes are our approach to enable heterogeneous collaborative software visualizations. The preliminary results indicate the need for more research regarding effectiveness, usability, and acceptance. Unlike related work, we approach the latter by introducing a multi-user augmented reality environment for software visualizations based on off-the-shelf mobile devices. • Collaborative program comprehension via software visualization using (non)XR devices. • Design + implementation of multi-user modes for collaborative program comprehension. • User studies indicate usefulness for collaborative exploration of software cities. 

Collaborative program comprehension via software visualization in extended reality

This article draws on Mouffe’s theory of agonistic democracy and critique of hegemonic consensuses to examine whether and how homonationalism can come to fuel antagonisms levelled against the gender+ movements. Using discourse analysis, the article analyses the case study of Denmark, where in 2018 the anti-gender campaign openly challenged the government’s homonationalist discourse. The analysis confirms that the government’s homonationalist discourse establishes modes of exclusion from the national imaginary, which the anti-gender actors contest by articulating an antagonism levelled against the gender+ movements’ attributed queer ideology. The antagonising potential of homonationalist discursive practices is further substantiated by pointing to the ways in which the government’s discourse reinforces a liberal idea of citizenship that gives priority to liberal rights over the democratic values of popular sovereignty and participation. Conversely, the anti-gender discourse gives priority to popular sovereignty at the expense of gender minority rights. Both the governments’ and the anti-gender actors’ discourses are thus found to fall short in terms of the prescripts of an agonistic public sphere. The article therefore argues for an abandonment of homonationalist discursive practices, when manifesting as a hegemonic consensus, which reinforces a liberal idea of citizenship to install a plural agonistic public sphere concerning sexual and gender minority politics.

/pdf/between-two-ills-homonationalism-gender-ideology-and-the-2w4mmhey3m.pdf

Between Two Ills: Homonationalism, Gender Ideology and the Case of Denmark

A Generic Data Model for Implementing Right of Access Requests

Industry 4.0 marks a major technological shift, revolutionizing manufacturing with increased efficiency, productivity, and sustainability. This transformation is paralleled in agriculture through smart farming, employing similar advanced technologies to enhance agricultural practices. Both fields demonstrate a symmetry in their technological approaches. Recent advancements in software engineering and the digital twin paradigm are addressing the challenge of creating embedded software systems for these technologies. Digital twins allow full development of software systems before physical prototypes are made, exemplifying a cost-effective method for Industry 4.0 software development. Our digital twin prototype approach mirrors software operations within a virtual environment, integrating all sensor interfaces to ensure accuracy between emulated and real hardware. In essence, the digital twin prototype acts as a prototype of its physical counterpart, effectively substituting it for automated testing of physical twin software. This paper discusses a case study applying this approach to smart farming, specifically enhancing silage production. We also provide a lab study for independent replication of this approach. The source code for a digital twin prototype of a PiCar-X by SunFounder is available open-source on GitHub, illustrating how digital twins can bridge the gap between virtual simulations and physical operations, highlighting the symmetry between physical and digital twins.

Digital Twin Prototypes for Supporting Automated Integration Testing of Smart Farming Applications

Software visualization approaches for code reviews are often implemented as standalone applications, which use static code analysis. The goal is to visualize the structural changes introduced by a pull / merge request to facilitate the review process. In this way, for example, structural changes that hinder code evolution can be more easily identified, but understanding the changed program behavior is still mainly done by reading the code. For software visualization to be successful in code review, tools must be provided that go beyond an alternative representation of code changes and integrate well into the developers' daily workflow. In this paper, we report on the novel and in-progress design and implementation of a web-based approach capable of combining static and dynamic analysis data in software city visualizations. Our architectural tool design incorporates modern web technologies such as the integration into common Git hosting services. As a result, code reviewers can explore how the modified software evolves and execute its use cases, which is especially helpful for distributed software systems. In this context, developers can be directly linked from the Git hosting service's issue tracking system to the corresponding software city visualization. This approach eliminates the recurring action of manual data collection and setup. We implement our design by extending the web-based software visualization tool ExplorViz. We invite other researchers to extend our open source software and jointly research this approach. Video URL: https://youtu.be/DYxijdCEdrY

Visual Integration of Static and Dynamic Software Analysis in Code Reviews via Software City Visualization

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