Populism raises awkward question about modern forms of democracy. It often represents the ugly face of the people. It is neither the highest form of democracy nor its enemy. It is, rather, a mirror in which democracy may contemplate itself, warts and all, in a discovery of itself and what it lacks. This definitive collection, edited by one of the world's pre-eminent authorities on populism, Francisco Panizza, combines theoretical essays with a number of specially commissioned case studies on populist politics in the US, Britain, Canada, eastern Europe, Palestine, Latin America and South Africa. A broadly shared understanding of the nature of populism gives the book a coherence rarely found in collective works and enhances the richness of the case studies.

Populism and the mirror of democracy

1 Creating an immigrant society: 1788-1972 2 From assimilation to a multicultural society: 1972-2002 3 The Fraser, Hawke and Keating Governments 1975-1996 4 Policy instruments and institutions: multicultural policy 5 The attack on multiculturalism 6 The impact of one nation 7 Economic rationalism 8 Sustainability and population policy 9 Refugees and asylum seekers 10 A past, present and future success

From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration

An integrated approach to the complexity analysis of short heart period variability series (/spl sim/300 cardiac beats) is proposed and applied to healthy subjects during the sympathetic activation induced by head-up tilt and during the driving action produced by controlled respiration (10, 15, and 20 breaths/min, CR10, CR15, and CR20 respectively). The approach relies on: 1) the calculation of Shannon entropy (SE) of the distribution of patterns lasting three beats; 2) the calculation of a regularity index based on an entropy rate (i.e., the conditional entropy); 3) the classification of frequent deterministic patterns (FDPs) lasting three beats. A redundancy reduction criterion is proposed to group FDPs in four categories according to the number and type or of heart period changes: a) no variation (0V); b) one variation (1V); and c) two like variations (2LV); 4) two unlike variations (2UV). The authors found that: 1) the SE decreased during tilt due to the increased percentage of missing patterns; 2) the regularity index increased during tilt and CR10 as patterns followed each other according to a more repetitive scheme; and 3) during CR10, SE and regularity index were not redundant as the regularity index significantly decreased while SE remained unchanged. Concerning pattern analysis the authors found that: a) at rest mainly three classes (0V, 1V, and 2LV) were detected; b) 0V patterns were more likely during tilt; c) 1V and 2LV patterns were more frequent during CR10; and d) 2UV patterns were more likely during CR20. The proposed approach based on quantification of complexity allows a full characterization of heart period dynamics and the identification of experimental conditions known to differently perturb cardiovascular regulation.

Entropy, entropy rate, and pattern classification as tools to typify complexity in short heart period variability series

Modern interactions with technology are increasingly moving away from simple human use of computers as tools to the establishment of human relationships with autonomous entities that carry out acti...

From ‘automation’ to ‘autonomy’: the importance of trust repair in human–machine interaction

Background— Previous studies that assessed the effects of β-blockers in preventing vasovagal syncope provided mixed results. Our goal was to determine whether treatment with metoprolol reduces the risk of syncope in patients with vasovagal syncope. Methods and Results— The multicenter Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST) was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, trial designed to assess the effects of metoprolol in vasovagal syncope over a 1-year treatment period. Two prespecified analyses included the relationships of age and initial tilt-test results to any benefit from metoprolol. All patients had >2 syncopal spells and a positive tilt test. Randomization was stratified according to ages <42 and ≥42 years. Patients received either metoprolol or matching placebo at highest-tolerated doses from 25 to 200 mg daily. The main outcome measure was the first recurrence of syncope. A total of 208 patients (mean age 42±18 years) with a median of 9 syncopal spells over a median of 11 years were randomized...

Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST): a randomized, placebo-controlled study of metoprolol in the prevention of vasovagal syncope.

The morning after.

Timing of First Recurrence of Syncope Predicts Syncopal Frequency After a Positive Tilt Table Test Result

What do you do to start reading whats so funny? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this whats so funny.

What's so funny?

The mind of the machine.

Background—We propose that heart period sequences are linearly organized, like sentences, and that there is a lexicon of recurrent, similarly shaped transient structures like words. Each word (or lexon) has a characteristic physiological basis. One potential lexon is the transient, reversible tachycardia that is induced by exercise initiation under laboratory conditions. We hypothesized that this lexon was inducible and observable on ambulatory ECGs of most or all subjects, was morphologically similar in both induced and detected bursts, and shared a plausible origin in both circumstances. Methods and Results—Ten healthy subjects (mean age, 36 years) underwent a protocol in which subjects rolled themselves from supine to lateral decubitus positions and back. Transient tachycardias (“bursts”) were seen in 36 of 40 rollovers. Bursts were characterized by an initial monoexponential heart period decay (K=0.39±0.23 s−1), a maximum heart period decrease of 277±109 ms after 10.8±4.5 seconds, and a subsequent ret...

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.99.25.3279

Origins of Heart Rate Variability Inducibility and Prevalence of a Discrete, Tachycardic Event

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