Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of purines and pyrimidines and their biosynthesis. The pathways of purine and pyrimidine metabolism have been greatly aided by tracer research, nutritional and genetic studies with intact organisms, and tissue studies in vitro. The study of purine synthetic reactions was complicated by the increased formation of purine bases from the breakdown of tissue nucleic acids and nucleotides upon homogenization of the tissue. The utilization of free purines is accomplished by reaction with PRPP to form nucleotides directly. The bases have also been converted to nucleotides via the nucleosides. Nucleosides are produced by reaction of free bases with ribose 1-phosphate in the presence of nucleoside phosphorylase. The extensive utilization of dietary adenine and the nonutilization of guanine in rat have been explained in terms of the relative absence of the enzyme adenase and the presence of much guanase in rat tissues. The synthesis of purines de novo was initiated by the formation of 5-phosphoribosylamine by reaction of glutamine with 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate. The nucleotides that are constituents of nucleic acids, namely, guanylic acid and adenylic acid, were formed from inosinic acid.

Purines and Pyrimidines

Biological precursors of uric acid i. the rôle of lactate, acetate, and formate in the synthesis of the ureide groups of uric acid

CHAPTER 35 – Biosynthesis of Purine Nucleotides*

Further studies on dihydrofolic reductase.

Purification and properties of dihydrofolate reductase from ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.

5(4)-amino-4(5)-imidazolecarboxamide, a precursor of purines

Formylfolic acid, a functional derivative of folic acid.

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5(4)-amino-4(5)-imidazolecarboxamide, a precursor of purines

Formylfolic acid, a functional derivative of folic acid.