Ultrasonic and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of formamide with ethanol, 1-propanol, 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-propanediol at different temperatures

Volume changes on mixing two liquids: A review of the experimental techniques and the literature data☆

Values of the Kirkwood–Buff integrals have been obtained from suitable thermodynamic data for 12 binary mixtures of water and organic solvents over the entire composition range where appropriate. The local composition of the environment of each molecule in the mixture is evaluated from these data and is expressed in terms of preferential solvation parameters. These are related to the homo- and hetero-molecular interactions that take place in the mixtures. The systems studied are mixtures of water with hydrogen peroxide, 1,2-ethanediol, 2-propanol, formic, acetic and propanoic acids, formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, hexamethyl phosphoric triamide, sulpholane, propylene carbonate and triethylamine.

Preferential solvation in mixed solvents. Part 5.—Binary mixtures of water and organic solvents

The densities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, η of pure benzyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and those of their binary mixtures, with benzyl alcohol as a common component, have been measured at 29815, 30315, 30815 and 31315 K over the entire composition range The excess molar volume, V E, deviation in isentropic compressibility, Δk s , excess thermal expansivity, αE, deviations in ultrasonic speed, Δu and viscosity, Δη, partial molar volume and compressibility, and of 1-propanol/2-propanol in benzyl alcohol at infinite dilution have been evaluated from the experimental data The results have been used to discuss the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures The V E values have also been calculated theoretically by using the Flory's statistical theory and Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory The calculated V E values were found in good agreement with the experimental V E values The thermal expansivity, α and isothermal compressibility, k T have been calculated the

Volumetric, ultrasonic and viscometric studies of molecular interactions in binary mixtures of aromatic+aliphatic alcohols at different temperatures

The density (ρ) and ultrasonic speed (u) in binary mixtures of benzyl alcohol (BA) with formamide (FA), N-methylacetamide (NMA), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), including those of pure liquids, were measured at 35 °C over the entire composition range. The isentropic compressibility (ks), deviations in isentropic compressibility (Δks) and ultrasonic speed (Δu) from linear dependence on the composition, excess volume (VE), apparent molar isentropic compressibility (Kφ,s) and apparent molar volume (Vφ) of amides in benzyl alcohol were calculated. The variation of these parameters with composition of the mixtures suggests that the strength of interaction (BA–FA) (BA–BA) or (amide–amide). Moreover, the values of Δks are found to depend on the positions of the methyl groups, while those of VE seem to depend on the number of such groups in the amide molecule.

Ultrasonic and Volumetric Study of Binary Mixtures of Benzyl Alcohol with Amides

The ultrasonic velocity and density of aqueous solutions of N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, and N,N-dimethyIacetamide have been measured at 25 and 35 °C over the entire concentration range. The compressibility, excess compressibility, partial molar compressibility, partial molar volume, and pressure dependence of the partial molar volume have been calculated. The concentration dependences of the velocity and density are highly nonlinear, and the velocity maxima are observed in all the amide solutions at ca. 20 mol%. Minima in the partial molar volume exist in solutions of DMF and DMAA, but not in that of MFA. On taking account of the results for viscosity, the velocity maxima are ascribed to the complex formation, and the minima in the partial molar volume, to the competition between the volume increase due to the complex formation and the volume decrease due to the breaking-down of the water structure. The pressure dependence of the partial molar volume shows that amides and water have strong i...

Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigation of Aqueous Solutions of Amides

Using the pulse method, the ultrasonic absorption was measured for binary mixtures of water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at 5.5 and 57 MHz in the temperature range of 5–45 °C. At lower temperatures α⁄f2 as a function of the concentration produces a plateau up to x (x is the mole percent of DMF in solution)=1.5, a minimum point at x=6, and a maximum point at x=25. An increase in the temperature causes these characteristic features of α⁄f2 to disappear. At 45 °C the values of α⁄f2 increase monotonically. No relaxation process is observed in the frequency range of this work. The general features of the concentration dependence of α⁄f2 resemble those of the urea–water system in a water-rich region and those of the dioxane–water system in a DMF-rich region. The mechanism of the plateau can be explained by the cooperative nature of the formation and breaking of water clusters. The maximum of α⁄f2 is ascribed to the complex formation between DMF and water molecules, while the minimum of α⁄f2 arises from the c...

An Ultrasonic Absorption Study of the DMF–Water System

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Ultrasonic and Volumetric Investigation of Aqueous Solutions of Amides

An Ultrasonic Absorption Study of the DMF–Water System