At a time when most of the public and political discourse on immigration is heavily focused on the legal status of the immigrants – wrongfully seen as a fixed concept – this book is a very timely and fresh contribution to the immigration policy debate. While most of the academic and political debate focuses on immigration in relation to the economic and social functions immigrants fulfill and burdens they bring in, Hirokazu Yoshikawa directs our attention to a rarely mentioned role of immigrants – as parents raising citizens. Whether legal or illegal, as parents of children who are born in the United States, these immigrants raise US citizens. Especially considering the fact that there are 4 million citizen children of undocumented immigrants in the US, this perspective hints at a normative reason for why we should care about the living conditions of the immigrants, regardless of their documentation status. More importantly, though, this book raises an important question: what are the implications of the documentation status of parents on the children’s learning and cognitive abilities. Bringing in his academic background in psychology and applying it to education, Yoshikawa and his team answer this question by implementing a rigorous research design. Their method of inquiry incorporates both quantitative and qualitative methods ranging from surveys with parents, child assessments, and longitudinal ethnography conducted between birth and 36 months. In addition to exploring how documentation status interacts with the cognitive skills of the children, based on data from a three-year study of 380 infants from Mexican, Dominican, Chinese, and African American families living in New York City, the book illustrates the stories and day-to-day experiences of a group of representative families from each group. This qualitative aspect of the study makes the book a substantially pleasing read and reveals very interesting patterns such as Chinese parents sending their babies to mainland China because they cannot afford day care, or Dominican families finding an easier time with child care due to their stronger support networks. These page-turning and touching stories are representative of the kind one would hear from immigrants in most metropolitan cities in the US and Europe. My very informal interviews with immigrants working in multiple enterprises such as a restaurant, a taxi cab or a nail salon, conducted on a recent trip to New York, are closely in line with the immigrant experiences in the book. While at first reluctant to let me into the very private realm of their lives regarding how they raise their children, although much ignored by others, all parents and children were quick to reveal sometimes painful experiences of their past. They talked about how they hated their parents for sending them to China as kids or how they were afraid to enroll their kids on special subsidized programs as they were worried about deportation, all themes identical to Yoshikawa’s interviews. With an elaborate analysis, the author explores how documentation of their parents matters for children’s early learning, a causal path the author discovered in the course of the study. Chapters 3 to 5 lay out possible implications of documentation status for the immigrants and their everyday lives and chapter 6 identifies multiple mechanisms Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, Vol. 13, No. 5, 561–564, November 2011

Immigrants Raising Citizens: Undocumented Parents and Their Young Children

Physical punishment and child outcomes: a narrative review of prospective studies

Acculturation: Advances in Theory, Measurement, and Applied Research

Acculturative stress is associated with trajectory of anxiety symptoms during pregnancy in Mexican-American women.

A robust literature documents the impact of poverty on child development and lifelong health, well-being and productivity. Racial and ethnic minority children continue to bear the burden of poverty disproportionately. Evidence-based parenting interventions in early childhood have the potential to attenuate risk attributable to poverty and stress. To reduce racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in the USA, parenting interventions must be accessible, engaging, and effective for low-income families of color living in large urban centers. This paper describes the initial development of ParentCorps and ongoing improvements to realize that vision. Initial development focused on creating a parenting intervention that places culture at the center and effectively embedding it in schools. ParentCorps includes core components found in nearly all effective parenting interventions with a culturally informed approach to engaging families and supporting behavior change. As the intervention is implemented at scale in increasingly diverse communities, improvement efforts include augmenting professional development to increase racial consciousness among all staff (evaluators, coaches, and school-based facilitators) and applying an implementation science framework to study and more fully support schools' use of a package of engagement strategies.

Engaging Parents in Preventive Interventions for Young Children: Working with Cultural Diversity Within Low-Income, Urban Neighborhoods

The present longitudinal study examined cultural adaptation (i.e., acculturation and enculturation) and its correlates in a sample of 189 Mexican and Dominican immigrant women. Acculturation and enculturation were measured within the domains of language competence, identity, and cultural knowledge at two time points over a 1-year period. Across groups and domains, cultural adaptation was generally stable over time; only American cultural knowledge showed change and only for MA women. Several correlates of cultural adaptation were identified. For Mexican women, living in poverty and in immigrant-dense neighborhoods was associated with lower acculturation. For Dominican women, age at immigration was the most robust correlate and was associated with more acculturation and less enculturation, though poverty and neighborhood characteristics emerged as significant for Dominican women too. Findings are consistent with the notion of cultural adaptation as a complex construct that is influenced by cultural context as well as individual immigrant characteristics.

/pdf/a-longitudinal-study-of-cultural-adaptation-among-mexican-2rt28yjod8.pdf

A Longitudinal Study of Cultural Adaptation among Mexican and Dominican Immigrant Women.

Objective. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of spanking and verbal punishment in a community sample of Latino immigrant families with young children, as well as the association of ...

Parent Spanking and Verbal Punishment, and Young Child Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Latino Immigrant Families: Test of Moderation by Context and Culture

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A Longitudinal Study of Cultural Adaptation among Mexican and Dominican Immigrant Women.

Parent Spanking and Verbal Punishment, and Young Child Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Latino Immigrant Families: Test of Moderation by Context and Culture