[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.

State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites have undergone rapid development in recent years and can now offer external quantum efficiencies of over 23%. However, the practical application of such devices is still limited by a number of factors, including the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, difficulty in accessing emission wavelengths above 800 nm, a decrease in external quantum efficiency at high current density, a lack of understanding of the effect of the electric field on mobile ions present in the perovskite materials, and short device lifetimes. Here we review the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes. We examine the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices, and consider methods to alleviate the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, leverage emission in the long infrared region and create spin-polarized light-emitting diodes. This Review examines the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes, exploring the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices. 

/pdf/perovskite-light-emitting-diodes-2lcccyfm.pdf

Perovskite light-emitting diodes

Colloidal metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light-induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)-level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide-based lead-halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state-of-the-art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness-controlled synthesis of both organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge-carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness-controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed. 

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/334837/2/adma.202107105.pdf

Colloidal Metal‐Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness‐Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes

Colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit unique photophysical properties including high quantum yields, tunable emission colors, and narrow photoluminescence spectra that have marked them as promising light emitters for applications in diverse photonic devices. Randomly oriented transition dipole moments have limited the light outcoupling efficiency of all isotropic light sources, including perovskites. In this report we design and synthesize deep blue emitting, quantum confined, perovskite nanoplates and analyze their optical properties by combining angular emission measurements with back focal plane imaging and correlating the results with physical characterization. By reducing the dimensions of the nanocrystals and depositing them face down onto a substrate by spin coating, we orient the average transition dipole moment of films into the plane of the substrate and improve the emission properties for light emitting applications. We then exploit the sensitivity of the perovskite electronic transitions to the dielectric environment at the interface between the crystal and their surroundings to reduce the angle between the average transition dipole moment and the surface to only 14° and maximize potential light emission efficiency. This tunability of the electronic transition that governs light emission in perovskites is unique and, coupled with their excellent photophysical properties, introduces a valuable method to extend the efficiencies and applications of perovskite based photonic devices beyond those based on current materials.

/pdf/manipulating-the-transition-dipole-moment-of-cspbbr3-4h2h2yn4im.pdf

Manipulating the Transition Dipole Moment of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Superior Optical Properties

Perovskite nanoparticles have attracted the attention of research groups around the world for their impressive photophysical properties, facile synthesis and versatile surface chemistry. Here, we report a synthetic route that takes advantage of a suite of soluble precursors to generate CsPbBr3 perovskite nanoplatelets with fine control over size, thickness and optical properties. We demonstrate near unit cell precision, creating well characterized materials with sharp, narrow emission lines at 430, 460 and 490 nm corresponding to nanoplatelets that are 2, 4, and 6 unit cells thick, respectively. Nanoplatelets were characterized with optical spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to explicitly correlate growth conditions, thickness and resulting photophysical properties. Detailed in situ photoluminescence spectroscopic studies were carried out to understand and optimize particle growth by correlating light emission with nanoplatelet growth across a range of synthetic conditions. It was found that nanoplatelet thickness and emission wavelength increase as the ratio of oleic acid to oleyl amine or the reaction temperature is increased. Using this information, we control the lateral size, width and corresponding emission wavelength of the desired nanoplatelets by modulating the temperature and ratios of the ligand.

/pdf/low-dimensional-perovskite-nanoplatelet-synthesis-using-in-2d1w9o4gli.pdf

Low-dimensional perovskite nanoplatelet synthesis using in situ photophysical monitoring to establish controlled growth

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Manipulating the Transition Dipole Moment of CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Superior Optical Properties

Low-dimensional perovskite nanoplatelet synthesis using in situ photophysical monitoring to establish controlled growth