For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...

/pdf/the-nox-family-of-ros-generating-nadph-oxidases-physiology-zjc88zvh59.pdf

The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual has become the benchmark for classifying patients with cancer, defining prognosis, and determining the best treatment approaches. Many view the primary role of the tumor, lymph node, metastasis (TNM) system as that of a standardized classification system for evaluating cancer at a population level in terms of the extent of disease, both at initial presentation and after surgical treatment, and the overall impact of improvements in cancer treatment. The rapid evolution of knowledge in cancer biology and the discovery and validation of biologic factors that predict cancer outcome and response to treatment with better accuracy have led some cancer experts to question the utility of a TNM-based approach in clinical care at an individualized patient level. In the Eighth Edition of the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, the goal of including relevant, nonanatomic (including molecular) factors has been foremost, although changes are made only when there is strong evidence for inclusion. The editorial board viewed this iteration as a proactive effort to continue to build the important bridge from a "population-based" to a more "personalized" approach to patient classification, one that forms the conceptual framework and foundation of cancer staging in the era of precision molecular oncology. The AJCC promulgates best staging practices through each new edition in an effort to provide cancer care providers with a powerful, knowledge-based resource for the battle against cancer. In this commentary, the authors highlight the overall organizational and structural changes as well as "what's new" in the Eighth Edition. It is hoped that this information will provide the reader with a better understanding of the rationale behind the aggregate proposed changes and the exciting developments in the upcoming edition. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:93-99. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.3322/caac.21388

The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population‐based to a more “personalized” approach to cancer staging

Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cancer: How Are They Linked?

KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)〔和文〕 (特集 ゲノム医学の現在と未来--基礎と臨床) -- (データベース)

https://bradleybiology.org/papers/pdf/2015/RobinsonEtAl2015.pdf

Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer

Paneth cell-like metaplasia has been reported in the epithelium of the epididymis and prostatic adenocarcinomas. We studied the expression of group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a marker of Paneth cell differentiation, in six orchiectomy specimens with Paneth cell-like metaplasia. Both immunohistochemistry for group II PLA2 protein and in situ hybridization for the mRNA of group II PLA2 gave negative results in all six cases but positive reaction for lysozyme. The results show that the cells of the Paneth cell-like metaplasia are not true Paneth cells.

Absence of group II phospholipase A2, a Paneth cell marker, from the epididymis.

Florid Hyperplasia of Mesonephric Remnants: Yet Another Differential Diagnostic Consideration Under “Smaa; Acinar Proliferation of the Prostate”

Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma

To the Editor: We wish to respond to Dr. Peter Paul Rosen’s letter (Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1235) on the issue of mandatory review of extra-institutional pathologic diagnostic material prior to definitive therapy. The review of outside diagnostic material is an admirable, often necessary, activity. However, the issue is not a simplistic one, and the institution of mandatory review policies creates problems as well. We at Lion’s Gate Hospital in British Columbia are somewhat uniquely positioned to make qualitative and quantitative observations on this practice. British Columbia has a centralized, province-wide cancer referral agency and registry. Every patient referred for radiation therapy is captured in this system (unless they pay for out-of-province treatment). A second-opinion pathologist reviews every pathologic diagnosis on which this referral is based. In addition, one of our pathologists has the regular opportunity to practice surgical pathology at a U.S. institution with a strong, internal quality assurance program, based around an intra-institutional, multidisciplinary tumor board conference. Finally, our own internal quality assurance policy requires that every external diagnostic review, whether requested by our pathologists or mandatory, be checked and tallied for “discrepancy resolution.” The information derived from these comparisons is illuminating. Our department diagnosed approximately 21,000 surgical cases and 1500 fine needle aspiration specimens per year during each of the years 2000 and 2001. Of these, approximately 600 specimens underwent mandatory review at an outside institution each year. Fourteen clinically significant diagnostic discrepancies between the primary and reviewing pathologists were identified in 2000 and 13 discrepancies were identified in 2001 (a much larger number of clinically trivial discrepancies were also noted). A final diagnostic determination was made in 25 of the 27 cases from these 2 years, by additional surgical procedures, molecular analysis, autopsy, or by the requested opinion of a recognized expert in the field. In 13 cases, the reviewing pathologist ultimately proved to be correct. In 12 cases, the initial diagnostic opinion of the primary pathologist was correct. Stated concisely, the reviewing institution was just as likely to introduce an erroneous diagnosis as it was likely to correct one. We believe that the following conclusions can be drawn from these data:

Impact of histologic subtyping of renal epithelial neoplasms. Authors' reply

We encountered an undescribed histologic feature of papillary urothelial neoplasms: “urothelial eddy”, which was histologically reminiscent of squamous eddy of irritated follicular keratosis of the skin. A review of 756 patients with transurethral resection of bladder tumor revealed 10 patients (1.3%) of papillary urothelial neoplasms with urothelial eddies. All cases were male with a median age of 65 years. Urothelial eddies were characterized by small ovoid nests of ovoid to spindle cells arranged in an onion-skin pattern with fine cytoplasmic processes within wide intercellular space. The cytoplasmic processes mimicked intercellular bridges but ultrastructurally were cytoplasmic microvillous projections. They were of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential in seven patients and low-grade urothelial carcinoma in three patients. Nine patients presented as non-invasive tumor and one patient showed microinvasion within papillary stalks. Six patients showed an inverted growth pattern. Their immunoprofile was more similar to that of conventional urothelial carcinoma rather than squamous cell carcinoma: high expressions of GATA3, S100P, uroplakin III, and cytokeratin 7; and low expressions of high molecular weight cytokeratin and p53. The Ki-67 labeling index was low (mean and median values, 2% each). During the follow-up period (mean, 88.7 months), four patients, including the microinvasive patient, showed recurrence with the same grade and stage but neither progressed into muscle-invasive tumor nor caused death. Our results suggest that urothelial eddy is a rare aberrant histology of papillary urothelial neoplasms with indolent behavior and should be discriminated from squamous differentiation of urothelial carcinoma, which has a poor prognosis.

Urothelial eddies in papillary urothelial neoplasms: a distinct morphologic pattern with low risk for progression

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Mahul B. Amin

Author Tools

Chat about Author