The role of minerals in female fertility, particularly in relation to the menstrual cycle, presents a complex area of study that underscores the interplay between nutrition and reproductive health. This narrative review aims to elucidate the impacts of minerals on key aspects of the reproductive system: hormonal regulation, ovarian function and ovulation, endometrial health, and oxidative stress. Despite the attention given to specific micronutrients in relation to reproductive disorders, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review focusing on the impact of minerals throughout the menstrual cycle on female fertility. This narrative review aims to address this gap by examining the influence of minerals on reproductive health. Each mineral’s contribution is explored in detail to provide a clearer picture of its importance in supporting female fertility. This comprehensive analysis not only enhances our knowledge of reproductive health but also offers clinicians valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies and the recommended intake of minerals to promote female reproductive well-being, considering the menstrual cycle. This review stands as the first to offer such a detailed examination of minerals in the context of the menstrual cycle, aiming to elevate the understanding of their critical role in female fertility and reproductive health.

Minerals and the Menstrual Cycle: Impacts on Ovulation and Endometrial Health

ABSTRACT Background Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most prevalent form of hair loss in women. It was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of topical cetirizine 1%, versus topical minoxidil 2% in patients with FPHL. Research design and methods Through a triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 women with FPHL were randomly divided into two groups of treatment with topical cetirizine 1% or topical minoxidil 2%. The endpoint was changing in hair loss severity as well as terminal hair density and diameter, according to trichoscopic evaluation. Intention-to-treat analysis was also performed for those who accomplished 3 months of treatment. Results Both groups showed improvement in hair diameter and density after 6 months; however, the outcome was significant only in the minoxidil group. According to per-protocol analysis, minoxidil was significantly superior to cetirizine in hair density, but not in hair diameter. According to the hair loss severity scales, FPHL was significantly improved in both the cetirizine and minoxidil groups after 6 months of therapy. The dropout rate due to adverse effects was 10.0% and 6.6% in the cetirizine and minoxidil groups, respectively. Conclusion Although inferior to topical minoxidil, topical cetirizine can provide favorable therapeutic effects for FPHL, specifically when patient incompatibility with Minoxidil is observed. Trial registration The study is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code IRCT20200521047536N1.

Therapeutic effects of topical cetirizine in the treatment of female pattern hair loss: a randomized controlled noninferiority trial

Insomnia is increasing day by day, according to global prevalence it ranges from10%to40%with trouble falling asleep, remaining asleep, or having non-restorative sleep that is accompanied by daytime impairment or distress. Magnesium seems to play a key role in there gelation of sleep. Objective: To compare the therapeutic effect of magnesium supplementation in improving quality of life among elderly insomniac participants with control and treatment group. Methods: The study design was double blind randomized clinical trial. Purposive sampling technique was used to allocate gender elderly people. Data were collected from Al-Saida Shuhda old age home, Lahore and the participants were divided into two groups, 40 participants in each group. Group 0 (control group) were given regular diet without magnesium supplement for 8 weeks. Group 1 (treatment group were given Magnesium supplements (500mg) for 8 weeks. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS 25.0. Results: The results shown that the magnesium supplementation had highly significant results in improving LSEQ, serum magnesium, serum melatonin, serum cortisol and serum renin level without showing any side effects. Group 0 has shown 0.152 (GTS), 0.088(QOS), 0.168(AFS), 0.195(BFW), 0.292(serum Mg), 0.567(serum melatonin), 0.276(serum cortisol), 0.101(serum renin) whereas group 1 has shown 0.01(GTS), 0.01(QOS), 0.003(AFS) and 0.03(BFW), 0.02(serum Mg), 0.01(serum melatonin), 0.02(serum cortisol), 0.02(serum renin), respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded from the results that magnesium supplementation in elderly people has highly significant effects in improving insomnia and quality of sleep.

Therapeutic Effect of Magnesium Supplementation in Improving Quality of Life among Elderly Insomniac Participants

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder with unknown etiology. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the available clinical trials on elemental supplementation in terms of improving biochemical parameters in women with PCOS. Electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCOS during therapy with elemental supplementation alone or in combination with other elements were analyzed. Recommendations regarding supplementation with elements are not clear. There are many factors to consider, with the primary factor being the type of element and the possibility of supplementation and a balanced diet. Another aspect to consider is the presence of comorbidities, which may increase the demand for and absorption of elements. A final factor to be considered is the determination of the body's need for specific elements. Some elements may require supplementation (e.g., magnesium, selenium, iodine, calcium), while others (e.g., iron, copper, potassium, zinc, manganese, chromium) are in sufficient amounts in a proper diet, and some should be limited (e.g., sodium, phosphorus). It is necessary to determine the optimal dose of each element in order to improve the biochemical parameters of PCOS as much as possible, while at the same time avoiding the negative effects of excessive consumption.

How important are elements in polycystic ovary syndrome? Should they be supplemented? A systematic review.

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological sequelae that affects 8 to 13% of reproductive-aged women and 3 to 11% of adolescent girls. Sleep is often compromised in women with PCOS due to increased rates of sleep problems, with the most established problem being obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is highly prevalent in reproductive-aged adult women with PCOS, but not so in adolescence. The international evidence-based PCOS guideline to improve health outcomes in women with PCOS indicated routine screening to identify and alleviate symptoms of OSA. The guidelines, however, did not weigh other multidimensional constructs of sleep health such as sleep disturbances (e.g., sleep quality and quantity), beyond OSA. This is perhaps due to the lack of research and existing mixed findings in the area of PCOS and sleep health. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about OSA and expands further to include the limited knowledge about other sleep problems in PCOS among reproductive-aged women and adolescent girls. We broadly cover the prevalence, risk factors, and mechanisms of sleep problems in PCOS and their relationship with cardiometabolic and psychological health. A brief summary on treatment and intervention strategies for sleep problems in PCOS and future recommendations will be deliberated.

Beyond Counting Sheep: Exploring the Link between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Sleep Health

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), alopecia, low quality of life, and acne are considered as complications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We hypothesized that magnesium supplementation would yield beneficial effects on PCOS related complications.To examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne.In this parallel randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 64 women with PCOS to the magnesium group (n = 32) or placebo group (n = 32) for 10 weeks. AUB, alopecia, quality of life, and acne were assessed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics criterion, the Sinclair Scale, the Health Survey Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Global Acne Grading System, respectively. This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir (IRCT20130903014551N9).Magnesium supplementation significantly improved the components of quality of life including physical functioning (p = 0.011), role limitations due to physical health (p = 0.012), role limitations due to emotional problems (p < 0.001), energy/fatigue (p = 0.005), emotional wellbeing (p < 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.002), general health (p = 0.013), and total quality of life (p < 0.001), compared with placebo. No significant effect was observed on acne, alopecia, and AUB.Magnesium supplementation in women with PCOS had a significant positive effect on improving total quality of life.This randomized clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir on 2020-10-18 (Registration Code: IRCT20130903014551N9 ). 

/pdf/the-effects-of-magnesium-supplementation-on-abnormal-uterine-3bggipbo.pdf

The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders in women, which causes numerous symptoms in women. The relationship of many micronutrients with this syndrome has been investigated. This study was conducted to examine the effects of magnesium supplementation on hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with PCOS.

Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

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The effects of magnesium supplementation on abnormal uterine bleeding, alopecia, quality of life, and acne in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial