The aim of this thesis is to establish a basis for the knowledge acquisitlon of building change. More speciflcally. it aims to develop a method of 'Knowledge Acquisition by Measurement' to increase our knowledge about building change. enhance the monitoring of such change. and assist in decisions regarding change strategies. The underlying motivation is the current subjective, inconsistent nature of the determination of empirical building change, and the anticipated increase in importance of appropriate knowledge. Questions such as, What were the requlred changes? What were the building elements involved in a change? How often did the building change? What were the costs related to a change. or how measurement units other than casts are involved? are rarely answered systematlcally or objectively. Hence. the central research questions in this thesis are: 1) What is the nature of the domain of building change? 2) To what extent can a measurement approach to knowledge acquisitlon represent the building change domain adequately? 3) Can empirical observations of building change be systematlcally represented and objectively evaluated with such an approach? 4) How can such an approach be applied to assist decisions regarding the analysis of preVious changes, the con trol of present changes. and the planning strategies for building change. To answer these questlons. this study introduces a method involVing three modules: the speciflcatlon of the domain of building change, a model of this domain in terms of requirement-element changes, and measurement. The measurand of building change the change indicator is formulated, based on the requirement-element statement deduced from the model. Various indicators can measure requirement-element changes, and hence facilitate their systematlc and objective knowledge acquisitlon. The adequacy of the method to measure empirica! building changes is tested in a case study. The results of this study suggest that, after specifying and modelling the domain of building change. measurement is possible using different change indicators for single buildings. The method appears appropriate for supportlng decisions concerning the analysis, the control, and the comparison between planning strategies ofbuilding change. However. before the method can be applled to assist decisions concerning change strategies and thereby including results of empirically measured changes. more measurements have to be performed and their predictive valldity examined. The prototype of the measurement tool presented appears to be an efficient tool to enhance the usability of the method. and is regarded as the first necessary step in the fonnulation of a basis for the knowledge acquisttion of building change.

Measurement of building change : a basis for knowledge acquisition

Knowledge-based design research at the key centre of design computing☆

The reuse of the experience of design and construction of a major project
is ad hoc and depends on the individuals involved in the project being present
on a similar project in the future. At the same time, the development of
knowledge-based systems to support the design process requires the encoding
of previous experience in a form that can be applied to future design projects.
Machine learning techniques can be applied to automate the reuse of design
experience and to facilitate the development of design knowledge bases. The
application of machine learning techniques in a design domain requires the
consideration of the representation of the learned design knowledge, that is,
a target representation, as well as the content and form of the training data,
or design examples. This paper proposes a target representation called a
design concept and presents a methodology for learning design concepls from
design examples. The method is illustrated by applying it to examples of
bridge designs.

Learning empirical knowledge to assist preliminary design

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Learning empirical knowledge to assist preliminary design