Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc throughout the world, with 150 million cases to date and over 3 million lives claimed worldwide. Aim: To explore the hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients in relation with genomic mutation and co-morbidities. Study Design: Experimental Study. Methodology: A total of 16 COVID-19 positive patients admitted to Aziz Bhatti hospital were included in this study. COVID-19 was confirm through nasopharyngeal swab specimen diluted in normal saline subsequent RT-PCR was performed as per the standard operating procedure. Genome sequencing and interpretation of analysis was done through Illumina MiSeq. Results: There was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in SaO2 in patients with N (Nucleocapisd) protein mutation compared with NSP13( Helicase) mutation. Conclusion: It was concluded that mutation of N (Nucleocapisd) protein causes more pronounced hypoxia compared with Helicase mutation of COVID-19 genome. Keywords: COVID-19, Hypoxia, Mutation and Genome.

Correlation of COVID-19 Genome with Hypoxemia and Co-morbidities: Experimental Study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bleeding control of skin graft donor site between normal saline soaked gauze with adrenaline and conventional technique having no adrenaline. 
METHODS: This open-label randomized control trial was conducted at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from October 2020 to March 2021. Seventy-five patients were randomized to interventional (n=36, 48%) and control group (n=39, 52%) through sealed envelopes. Diluted solution was prepared by adding 30cc of Ringer’s lactate and 10cc of lignocaine 2%, with 1cc of adrenaline of 1:200000 with 200 ml of normal saline solution. Solution for control group was containing only normal saline. Following the skin harvesting at donor site, a gauze piece soaked with tumescent solution was applied at the donor site wound. Bleeding severity and epithelialization were assessed. Data was recorded in a pre-designed performa and analyzed through SPSS version-25. 
RESULTS: There was no significant differences in baseline characteristics like age (p=0.823), gender (p=0.984) and nature of injury (p=0.936) among two groups. Severe, moderate and mild bleeding was noted in 20/39 (51.3%), 15/39 (38.5%) and 4/39 (10.3%) cases in control group as compared to 0/36 (0%); 2/36 (5.6%) and 25/36 (69.4%) cases in interventional group respectively (**<0.001). No bleeding was noted in 9/36 (25%) cases of interventional group. Complete epithelialization was observed in 24/36 (66.7%) & 17/39 (43.6%) cases in adrenaline and control groups respectively (p=0.045). 
CONCLUSION: Application of adrenaline was more effective in bleeding control and early epithelialization at donor site following the skin harvesting as compared to conventional technique.

/pdf/comparison-between-adrenaline-and-without-adrenaline-1narp75j.pdf

Comparison between adrenaline and without adrenaline solution on bleeding control of skin graft donor site: a randomized controlled trial

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Correlation of COVID-19 Genome with Hypoxemia and Co-morbidities: Experimental Study

Comparison between adrenaline and without adrenaline solution on bleeding control of skin graft donor site: a randomized controlled trial