The AIN-93 rodent diets were formulated to substitute for the previous version (AIN-76A) and to improve the performance of animals that consume them. They are called AIN-93G, formulated for growth, and AIN-93M, for maintenance. Major changes included substituting cornstarch for sucrose and soybean oil for corn oil and increasing the amount in order to supply both essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic). L-Cystine was substituted for DL-methionine to supplement the casein component. The mineral mix was reformulated to lower the amounts of phosphorus, manganese and chromium, to increase the amount of selenium, and to add molybdenum, silicon, fluoride, nickel, boron, lithium and vanadium. The amounts of vitamins E, K-1 and B-12 were increased over those in the AIN-76A vitamin mix. The AIN-93G diet contains 200 g of casein and 70 g of soybean oil/kg diet. The maintenance diet (AIN-93M) contains 140 g of casein and 40 g of soybean oil/kg diet. The 1993 diets have a better balance of essential nutrients than the 1976 diet and are better choices for studies with laboratory rodents.

Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet : Symposium: Animal diets for nutritional and toxicological research

Targeting Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) in the Management of Cardiometabolic Diseases

Plants have played a significant role in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of human ailments. Among the many medicinal herbs used in Unani medicine, Bombax ceiba Linn. has been employed for centuries. This herbaceous plant is renowned for its impressive height, reaching approximately 150 feet. It can be found in temperate and tropical regions of Australia, Africa, and, Asia with occurrences in India at altitudes of up to 1500 meters. The indigenous communities and forest dwellers extensively utilize various components of this plant, including the root, flower, gum, leaf, prickles, stem bark, fruit, seed, and heartwood, to address diverse diseases. Ethnobotanical research reveals that Bombax ceiba Linn. is effectively employed in the treatment of ailments such as diarrhea, boils, wounds, leprosy, acne, and various other skin conditions. Furthermore, it has been used as an anthelmintic since ancient times. Through scientific investigations, the presence of numerous beneficial properties has been confirmed in different parts of this plant, thus validating its traditional medicinal use. These properties include hypotensive, antioxidant, pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and anti-helicobacter pylori properties

/pdf/a-comprehensive-review-on-therapeutic-properties-of-bombax-l4tzaq9y.pdf

A Comprehensive Review on Therapeutic Properties of Bombax ceiba

Abstract This work outlines an efficient deep learning approach for analyzing vascular wall fractures using experimental data with openly accessible source codes ( https://doi.org/10.25835/weuhha72 ) for reproduction. Vascular disease remains the primary cause of death globally to this day. Tissue damage in these vascular disorders is closely tied to how the diseases develop, which requires careful study. Therefore, the scientific community has dedicated significant efforts to capture the properties of vessel wall fractures. The symmetry-constrained compact tension (symconCT) test combined with digital image correlation (DIC) enabled the study of tissue fracture in various aorta specimens under different conditions. Main purpose of the experiments was to investigate the displacement and strain field ahead of the crack tip. These experimental data were to support the development and verification of computational models. The FEM model used the DIC information for the material parameters identification. Traditionally, the analysis of fracture processes in biological tissues involves extensive computational and experimental efforts due to the complex nature of tissue behavior under stress. These high costs have posed significant challenges, demanding efficient solutions to accelerate research progress and reduce embedded costs. Deep learning techniques have shown promise in overcoming these challenges by learning to indicate patterns and relationships between the input and label data. In this study, we integrate deep learning methodologies with the attention residual U-Net architecture to predict fracture responses in porcine aorta specimens, enhanced with a Monte Carlo dropout technique. By training the network on a sufficient amount of data, the model learns to capture the features influencing fracture progression. These parameterized datasets consist of pictures describing the evolution of tissue fracture path along with the DIC measurements. The integration of deep learning should not only enhance the predictive accuracy, but also significantly reduce the computational and experimental burden, thereby enabling a more efficient analysis of fracture response. 

An enhanced deep learning approach for vascular wall fracture analysis

Increased global obesity prevalence is a serious issue as it causes several other chronic metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, one of the major global pandemics a few days ago. Obesity increases the propensity by several folds to develop insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our aim was to investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of Bombax Ceiba extract on the biochemical and histological evaluation in obese rats fed High-carbohydrate high-fat diets (HCHFD) to prevent of metabolic diseases that cause obesity. Sixty male rats were divided randomly (12 rats/ group) into 5 experimental groups. First (control) group: 12 rats were fed with standard diet. 2 group (Bombax) rats were fed on standard diet and Bombax ceiba extract (400 mg/kg body weight) was administrated daily orally. The third group (HCHFD), rats were fed on HCHF diet whereas rats in the fourth group Bombax + HCHFD (Prophylactic) rats fed on standard diet and take Bombax ceiba extract (400 mg/kg body weight orally daily for 8 weeks then fed on HCHF diet and take Bombax ceiba extract to the end of experiment. Fifth group HCHF + Bombax (Treatment) rats were also fed on HCHF diet then take Bombax ceiba extract (400 mg/kg body weight daily). The experiment period was 20 weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), adropin,interleukin-6 (IL-6), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), salusin-α and salusin-β were measured. Also histopathology for aorta tissue was done. Our findings have shown significant increases in glucose, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, IL-6, RBP-4 and salusin-β levels with significant decrease in insulin, high density lipoprotein (HDL), adropin and salusinα, in HCHFD group in comparison with the control group,these findings improved in prophylactic and treated groups after treatment with Bombax ceiba extractin compare to HCHFD group. Our study concluded that Bombax ceiba extract has potential hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective activities on the prevention of metabolic diseases resulting in rats fed HCHF diet and the histological evaluation confirm our biochemical results.

/pdf/antidiabetic-and-hepatoprotective-activities-of-bombax-ceiba-46qcbryage.pdf

Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities of bombax ceiba extract in obese rats with metabolic syndrome

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Antidiabetic and hepatoprotective activities of bombax ceiba extract in obese rats with metabolic syndrome