Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a novel pro-fibrotic biomarker that can predict both right and left cardiac dysfunction caused by various cardiovascular conditions. Its expression seems to be progressively altered with evolving cardiac remodeling processes, even before the onset of heart failure. Hence, Gal-3 has been found to be an individual predictor of acute and chronic heart failure or to serve as part of an integrated biomarker panel that can foresee adverse cardiac outcomes. In congenital heart disease (CHD), Gal-3 correlates with cardiac mortality and complications in both children and adults and is proposed as a therapeutic target in order to reverse the activation of pro-fibrosis pathways that lead to heart failure. Positive associations between serum Gal-3 levels, post-operatory hospitalization rates, complications and ventricular dysfunction have also been reported within studies conducted on patients with CHD who underwent corrective surgery. Thus, this review tried to address the potential utility of Gal-3 in patients with CHD and particularly in those who undergo corrective surgery. The heterogeneity of the literature data and the lack of validation of the results obtained by the current studies on larger cohorts cannot be neglected, though. Further longitudinal research is required to establish how Gal-3 can relate to long-term outcomes in pediatric CHD.

/pdf/the-role-of-galectin-3-in-predicting-congenital-heart-2ab3im0z.pdf

The Role of Galectin-3 in Predicting Congenital Heart Disease Outcome: A Review of the Literature

Aim: There is a limited number of studies on the role of galectin-3 as a cardiac biomarker in the pediatric population. We aimed to investigate galectin-3 level and its relationship with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in children with secundum atrial septal defect (ASD).&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and Methods: Twenty-seven patients with secundum ASD formed the patient group. Thirty healthy children of similar age and gender formed the control group. The largest ASD diameter measured from any window with transthoracic echocardiography was recorded as the ASD size. Blood samples were collected for NT-ProBNP and galectin-3.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Children with secundum ASD had significantly higher NT-ProBNP levels compared with the healthy children (p=0.003). Galectin-3 levels of children with secundum ASD were similar to those of the healthy children (p=0.377). There was a statistically positive correlation between galectin-3 and NT-ProBNP levels in children with secundum ASD (rho=0.454, p=0.017). The area under the curve of galectin-3 was not statistically significant (AUC=0.537; p=0.643).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: Although there was an increase in NT-ProBNP level in patients with secundum ASD, galectin-3 level did not change. Although NT-ProBNP was a valuable biomarker for the prediction of secundum ASD, galectin-3 had no role in predicting this disease. 

pdf/sekundum-atriyal-septal-defektli-cocuklarda-galektin-3-1ky08brpum.pdf

Sekundum Atriyal Septal Defektli Çocuklarda Galektin-3

Galectin-3 as a cardiac biomarker has proven to be a significant prognostic tool in adults. However, it has not yet been established in the pediatric population as a biomarker in daily clinical practice. The aim of the study was to summarize the current knowledge on galectin-3 as a biomarker in children with cardiac conditions by reviewing the literature. Bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched, and consequently twelve articles met the inclusion criteria. Supplemental handsearching of references delivered one additional source. These prospective studies concerning galectin-3 as a cardiac biomarker present analyses performed in cohorts composed of healthy children and children with cardiovascular diseases. The results, despite being based on small cohort studies, inform that galectin-3 could serve as a potential biomarker in cardiovascular risk stratification in children with heart failure, arrhythmia, Kawasaki disease or in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The evidence for the usefulness of galectin-3 in the assessment of such pathologies as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, coarctation of the aorta, functionally univentricular heart or tetralogy of Fallot were not completely confirmed. Galectin-3 seems to be a promising biomarker; however, there is a need for further research to establish its use in daily clinical practice.

/pdf/a-scoping-review-of-galectin-3-as-a-biomarker-of-2zu1mtgd.pdf

A Scoping Review of Galectin-3 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases in Pediatric Populations

Background: Heart failure is defined as a clinical and pathophysiologic syndrome results from ventricular dysfunction, volume, or pressure overload, alone or both. Galectin-3 is a novel biomarker that mediates fibrosis in many organs like the heart that interest in galactin3 as a potential heart failure biomarker that reflects ongoing ventricular remodeling. Objective: To see if galectin-3 acts as a biomarker of heart failure in congenital heart disease and evaluate if there is a correlation between galectin-3 and severity of HF detected by Ross classification and echocardiogram. Patients and Methods: The present study included 38 cases with HF due to CHD admitted to PICU and pediatric department at Zagazig University Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019. Patients were selected to exclude heart failure other than congenital heart disease. Results: Galectin-3 level was significantly higher in children with CHD than age and sex-matched healthy children. There were statistically significant positive correlations between Galectin 3 and ROSS so higher Galectin-3 levels were associated with measures of HF severity. The level was significantly elevated in children with HF in comparison to those without HF, with a significant correlation with the disease severity. Galectin 3 had sensitivity 80%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and PPN 71.4%. Conclusion: Galectin-3 has short term prognosis and can be used as a tool to help in HF diagnosis in children as a marker of disease severity (positive correlation between Ross classification and galectin-3 serum level was proved) and staging patients with acute HF due to congenital heart diseases.

https://ejhm.journals.ekb.eg/article_106017_2f6da7ef9abbf7439160287eb524084b.pdf

Galectin-3 as a Biomarker of Heart Failure in Children with Congenital Heart Disease

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Galectin-3 as a Biomarker of Heart Failure in Children with Congenital Heart Disease