A Clinical Tool to Measure Trunk Control in Children with Cerebral Palsy: The Trunk Control Measurement Scale.

We aimed to review tools used to assess balance in clinical practice in children and adults with cerebral palsy (CP), to describe their content and measurement properties and to evaluate the quality of the studies that have examined these properties. CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed/MEDLINE were searched. The COnsensus-based Standards for selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) was used to assess the ‘quality of studies’ and the Terwee criteria were used to assess the ‘result of studies’. Twenty-two clinical balance tools were identified from 35 papers. The content and focus of the tools varied significantly. There was moderate or limited levels of evidence for most of the measurement properties of the tools; the strongest level of evidence was found for the Trunk Control Measurement Scale and the Level of Sitting Scale, in the category ‘maintain balance’, the Timed Up and Go and the Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control in the categories ‘achieve balance’ and ‘restore balance’ respectively. Information on responsiveness was scarce. Further studies providing better evidence for reliability and responsiveness for clinical balance tools are needed. In the meantime, results of studies evaluating effects of treatment of balance in individuals with CP should be interpreted with caution.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dmcn.12162

Clinical tools to assess balance in children and adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review

Background and Purpose:Collaboration between scientists and clinicians effectively accelerated translation of scientific evidence for activity-based therapies (ABTs) into rehabilitation. This article addresses the basic scientific findings of activity-dependent plasticity that led to locomotor train

Activity-Based Therapy: From Basic Science to Clinical Application for Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury.

Aim
An approach that simultaneously engages both the upper and lower extremities, hand–arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremity (HABIT-ILE), has recently demonstrated improvements in upper and lower extremities in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). It is not known whether children with bilateral CP would benefit from this approach. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of HABIT-ILE in children with bilateral CP.

Method
A quasi-randomized trial design was used, whereby 20 participants (age 6–15y, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–IV, Manual Ability Classification System levels I–III) were assigned to a treatment (HABIT-ILE) or a comparison group in the order in which they were enrolled. Children in the HABIT-ILE group were assessed before and after 84 hours of intervention over 13 days, as well as at 3 months’ follow-up. Children in the comparison group were assessed at the same time points. Children in both groups were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-66) and ABILHAND-Kids (primary measures), and six secondary measures.

Results
A group×test session interaction indicated significant improvements in the HABIT-ILE group as assessed by the GMFM-66, lower-extremity performance (6-Minute Walk Test; Pediatric Balance Scale), functional upper-extremity abilities (ABILHAND-Kids/Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory), and the dexterity of the less affected upper extremity.

Conclusion
HABIT-ILE is efficacious for improving both upper- and lower-extremity function in children with bilateral CP.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/dmcn.13379

Intensive upper- and lower-extremity training for children with bilateral cerebral palsy: a quasi-randomized trial

The question of how infants attain upright sitting is at the core of understanding the development of most functional abilities. Our simple, practical method of securing the hips and different trun...

Learning about gravity: segmental assessment of upright control as infants develop independent sitting.

Purpose:The Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control (SATCo) provides a systematic method of assessing discrete levels of trunk control in children with motor disabilities. This study refined the assessment method and examined reliability and validity of the SATCo.Methods:After refining guidelines, 102

/pdf/refinement-reliability-and-validity-of-the-segmental-2hndo10glh.pdf

Refinement, reliability, and validity of the segmental assessment of trunk control.

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Refinement, reliability, and validity of the segmental assessment of trunk control.