For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phag...

/pdf/the-nox-family-of-ros-generating-nadph-oxidases-physiology-zjc88zvh59.pdf

The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology

The discovery that mammalian cells have the ability to synthesize the free radical nitric oxide (NO) has stimulated an extraordinary impetus for scientific research in all the fields of biology and medicine. Since its early description as an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, NO has emerged as a fundamental signaling device regulating virtually every critical cellular function, as well as a potent mediator of cellular damage in a wide range of conditions. Recent evidence indicates that most of the cytotoxicity attributed to NO is rather due to peroxynitrite, produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between NO and another free radical, the superoxide anion. Peroxynitrite interacts with lipids, DNA, and proteins via direct oxidative reactions or via indirect, radical-mediated mechanisms. These reactions trigger cellular responses ranging from subtle modulations of cell signaling to overwhelming oxidative injury, committing cells to necrosis or apoptosis. In vivo, peroxynitrite generation represents a crucial pathogenic mechanism in conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, diabetes, circulatory shock, chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, novel pharmacological strategies aimed at removing peroxynitrite might represent powerful therapeutic tools in the future. Evidence supporting these novel roles of NO and peroxynitrite is presented in detail in this review.

/pdf/nitric-oxide-and-peroxynitrite-in-health-and-disease-3uuuqgfdcz.pdf

Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Health and Disease

Infertility affects an estimated 15% of couples globally, amounting to 485 million couples Males are found to be solely responsible for 20-30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of cases overall However, this number does not accurately represent all regions of the world Indeed, on a global level, there is a lack of accurate statistics on rates of male infertility Our report examines major regions of the world and reports rates of male infertility based on data on female infertility Our search consisted of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and population-based studies by searching the terms “epidemiology, male infertility, and prevalence” We identified 16 articles for detailed study We typically used the assumption that 50% of all cases of infertility are due to female factors alone, 20-30% are due to male factors alone, and the remaining 20-30% are due to a combination of male and female factors Therefore, in regions of the world where male factor or rates of male infertility were not reported, we used this assumption to calculate general rates of male factor infertility Our calculated data showed that the distribution of infertility due to male factor ranged from 20% to 70% and that the percentage of infertile men ranged from 2·5% to 12% Infertility rates were highest in Africa and Central/Eastern Europe Additionally, according to a variety of sources, rates of male infertility in North America, Australia, and Central and Eastern Europe varied from 4 5-6%, 9%, and 8-12%, respectively This study demonstrates a novel and unique way to calculate the distribution of male infertility around the world According to our results, at least 30 million men worldwide are infertile with the highest rates in Africa and Eastern Europe Results indicate further research is needed regarding etiology and treatment, reduce stigma & cultural barriers, and establish a more precise calculation

/pdf/a-unique-view-on-male-infertility-around-the-globe-wo8u3pmdym.pdf

A unique view on male infertility around the globe

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens, of which more than 40 have now been identified, are encoded by genes that are normally expressed only in the human germ line, but are also expressed in various tumour types, including melanoma, and carcinomas of the bladder, lung and liver These immunogenic proteins are being vigorously pursued as targets for therapeutic cancer vaccines CT antigens are also being evaluated for their role in oncogenesis — recapitulation of portions of the germline gene-expression programme might contribute characteristic features to the neoplastic phenotype, including immortality, invasiveness, immune evasion, hypomethylation and metastatic capacity

Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer.

Oxidative stress occurs when the production of potentially destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the bodies own natural antioxidant defenses, resulting in cellular damage. Oxidative stress is a common pathology seen in approximately half of all infertile men. ROS, defined as including oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides are generated by sperm and seminal leukocytes within semen and produce infertility by two key mechanisms. First, they damage the sperm membrane, decreasing sperm motility and its ability to fuse with the oocyte. Second, ROS can alter the sperm DNA, resulting in the passage of defective paternal DNA on to the conceptus. This review will provide an overview of oxidative biochemistry related to sperm health and will identify which men are most at risk of oxidative infertility. Finally, the review will outline methods available for diagnosing oxidative stress and the various treatments available.

/pdf/oxidative-stress-and-male-infertility-a-clinical-perspective-2nu3kdi0jn.pdf

Oxidative stress and male infertility—a clinical perspective

Proliferation of lymphocytes induced by the seminal nonspermatozoal cells.

Objectives: The aim of the following study was to assess antisperm antibodies in sera samples of infertile men and women, as well as from prepubertal boys by means of flow cytometry. Material and methods: We tested sera samples of infertile and fertile adult populations, prepubertal boys with gonadal disorders and healthy prepubertal boys. The indirect immunobead test and flow cytometry were used to detect antisperm antibodies. Results: The comparison of antisperm antibody levels in sera samples of adult infertile versus healthy controls (men and women) evaluated by means of flow cytometry did not reveal statistically significant differences. The only significant correlation found were results obtained by IDIBT and FCM for IgG antisperm antibodies for infertile adult group (r=0.507, p=0.012). The comparison of antisperm antibody levels in sera samples from prepubertal boys revealed statistically significant differences for all tested antibody isotypes. Diagnostic values compared for both assays showed markedly better discriminatory ability of flow cytometry for analyzed groups of prepubertal boys than for adult populations. Conclusions: Flow cytometry test may be used to verify antisperm antibody levels in prepubertal boys with testicular failures.

/pdf/flow-cytometry-application-in-the-evaluation-of-antisperm-28h2df6225.pdf

Flow cytometry application in the evaluation of antisperm antibodies in sera samples of infertile people and prepubertal boys with gonadal disorders

Stem cells seem to hold major promise for contemporary medicine, one which could almost be more significant than a discovery of DNA and ultimate its relevance for organismal integration in the past century [...].

/pdf/new-technologies-based-on-stem-cell-therapies-in-3og2i0lp.pdf

New Technologies Based on Stem Cell-Therapies in Regenerative Medicine and Reproductive Biology

Materials and methods: Data from 381 fresh embryo transfers have been collected: IVF—207 transfers, ICSI—151, mixed ones—23. Female patients who underwent reproductive technology were between 21 and 47 years of age. Results: For the IVF-derived embryos, a pregnancy rate per transfer was 38.9%, and a clinical pregnancy rate—24.4%, while for ICSI, respectively 33.8% and 23.3%. Mixed-derived embryos provided respective values of 47.8% and 47.8%. Implantation rates among IVF, ICSI and mixed-ART-derived embryos were 16.4%, 15%, 27.6%, respectively. Frozen embryo transfer was performed 54 times. Infertile couples seeking for assisted reproductive technique were categorized into seven main subgroups: Fallopian tube factor, uterine factor, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovary factor, male factor, idiopathic infertility. In a group with endometriosis, relatively high rate of pregnancy was observed—29.4%. High rate of successful pregnancies was also observed in PCO syndrome patients when calculating per cycle (27.8%), aspiration (35.7%) or transfer (38.5%). The cumulative rate of abortions was 20.1% for IVF-derived pregnancies, 19.0% for ICSI-derived pregnancies and 9% abortions for mixed embryo provenience. Conclusions: Quality of embryo and speed of its development may be the best indicators for successful pregnancy disregarding the embryo provenience.

ART in Clinic of Infertility INTERMEDICA: 2 years experience

Recently, stem/progenitor cell therapies have been intensively pursued. An increasing body of evidence has shown the promising results with respect to transient recovery of cardiac function in a variety of animal models with the use of stem cells interventions. Unfortunately, it is still not possible to fully and functionally replace the irreversibly damaged heart tissue. Moreover, the optimal cell population for organ regeneration has not been yet identified. Prior to possible optimization strategy to find ideal cell candidates, we shall keep in mind that successful organ regeneration is a very complex process. Within such development, the administered cells require proper homing and a graft retention that would be next followed by the cell electromechanical coupling with recipient organ cardiomyocytes [1]. Recent advances in molecular imaging techniques opened many platforms that would allow tracking of transplanted cells and optimization of delivery protocols with their subsequent multimodal imaging [2].

https://www.scientificarchives.com/admin/assets/articles/pdf/promoter-reporter-systems-for-imaging-of-cells-transplanted-into-post-infarcted-heart-20210525040541.pdf

Promoter Reporter Systems for Imaging of Cells Transplanted into Post-infarcted Heart

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Maciej Kurpisz

Author Tools

Chat about Author