Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo de tres cultivares de soja, pertencentes a diferentes ciclos de maturacao, instalados em epocas de semeadura normal, tardia e safrinha. Cada epoca constituiu experimento individual delineado em blocos casualizados num fatorial 3 x 3 (tres cultivares: IAC-12, IAC-17 e IAC-19; tres densidades de plantas: 10, 20 e 30 plantas.m-1), com tres repeticoes. Os componentes da producao, destinados a avaliacao do rendimento, numero total de vagens por planta e numero total de graos por planta, foram determinados em 10 plantas aleatorias na parcela util. A massa de 1000 graos e o rendimento de graos foram determinados com base na populacao final de plantas na area util de cada parcela. Concluiu-se que: os caracteres componentes do rendimento apresentam variacoes entre eles, com efeito de compensacao, no sentido de uniformizar o rendimento de graos, entre cultivares, densidades e epoca de semeadura; o cultivar IAC-19 apresenta melhor desempenho para rendimento de graos em epoca de semeadura safrinha, independente das densidades; a epoca de semeadura e o fator que mais influencia no rendimento de graos.

Épocas de semeadura e densidade de plantas de soja: I. Componentes da produção e rendimento de grãos

The present research was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, to evaluate vegetative performance of three soybean cultivars at two sowing dates, at five plant densities. The cultivars used were: IAC-17, IAC-12 and IAC-19, with early, semi-early and medium maturation, respectively, sown at the typical planting date and late date. Each cultivar was sown at densities of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 plants.m-1. Experimental plots with five rows spaced 0.50 m and 5.0 m long were randomized in blocks, using a factorial design (3 cultivars x 5 plant densities), with three replications. Plant final height, main stem diameter, number of nodes, and number of branches per plant were evaluated. Reduction of cultivars cycle for the late sowing date occurred mainly during the reproductive phase. Independently of the planting date, the increase in plant density, implyed in an increased final plant height and in decreasing main stem diameter and number of branches per plant. Number of nodes in the main stem was reduced with the delay of the planting date.

Épocas de semeadura, densidades de plantas e desempenho vegetativo de cultivares de soja

Este trabalho foi conduzido em Piracicaba - SP e constou da avaliacao do desenvolvimento de tres cultivares de soja manejados sob cinco densidades, em duas epocas de semeadura. Foram utilizados os cultivares de soja IAC-17, IAC-12 e IAC-19 com ciclos de maturacao precoce, semi-precoce e medio, respectivamente, conduzidos no espacamento de 0,50 m, com 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 plantas por metro linear. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 15 tratamentos (3 cultivares x 5 densidades), repetidos tres vezes. Cada parcela foi composta por 5 linhas com 5 metros, onde foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: altura final de planta, altura de insercao da primeira vagem, diâmetro da haste principal, numero final de nos vegetativos, numero de ramificacoes por planta e grau de acamamento. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, na semeadura de safrinha, o cultivar IAC-19, apresentou melhor desempenho vegetativo; da epoca normal para a epoca safrinha as plantas de soja encurtaram a duracao de seu ciclo, sendo o periodo de maturacao o mais sensivel; independente da epoca de semeadura, quanto maior a densidade de plantas de soja na linha, maior a altura final das plantas, menor o diâmetro da haste principal e menor o numero de ramificacoes por planta.

DESEMPENHO VEGETATIVO DE CULTIVARES DE SOJA [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] EM ÉPOCAS NORMAL E SAFRINHA

Soybean productivity under the no till system (NTS) can be influenced by the preceding type of plant cover and surface liming. However, the effects of this technique on yield components and the seed physiological quality have been little studied, especially in ("safrinha") off-season soybean under NTS. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate some agronomic traits, yield components, productivity, and physiological quality of soybean grown during the off-season ("safrinha"), as a function of different cover plants, with or without surface liming, under NTS. The experiment was conducted during the 1999/00 cropping season on the Lageado Experimental Farm, FCA/UNESP/Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The experimental design was organized as randomized blocks in split-plots, with 4 replications. The 6m × 10m plots consisted of broomcorn (Sorghum bicolor), millet (Pennisetum americanum), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), spontaneous vegetation, and no vegetation. At 53 days after emergence the cover plants were desiccated and lodged, and a surface application of 3.1 t.ha-1 lime was made in half of the plots, in order to increase V% to 70. Soybean (cv. IAC-19) was sown two weeks later, during the off-season ("safrinha"). Determinations were made for the final stand, first pod height, plant height, total number of pods and blank pods per plant, total number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight and yield. As to seed physiological quality, determinations were made for germination, artificial aging, germination at 18°C, plantlet D.M., and electric conductivity. During NTS implementation, plant cover type and surface liming did not affect the agronomic traits studied, yield components, seed productivity, and physiological quality of soybean seeds grown in the off-season ("safrinha") system, except for electric conductivity.

/pdf/caracteristicas-agronomicas-produtividade-e-qualidade-1etlnh423k.pdf

Características agronômicas, produtividade e qualidade fisiológica da soja "safrinha" sob semeadura direta, em função da cobertura vegetal e da calagem superficial

Considering the difficulties of producing high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds during the traditional cropping period in some areas of the State of Parana, Brazil, a research project was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of sowing dates on the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds, during the 1998/99 and 1999/00 cropping seasons, in Maringa, PR, Brazil. The experiment consisted of five cultivar competition assays, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with each assay sown at different dates (10/15, 10/30, 11/15, 11/30 and 12/15) for each cropping season. The evaluated cultivars were BRS 132 (early), BRS 133 (semi-early), BR 16 (semi-early), BRS 134 (intermediate) and FT- Estrela (late). Seeds obtained at the sowing dates were evaluated in the laboratory by germination, accelerated aging, and health tests. Sowing in November resulted in seeds with superior physiological and health quality. Cultivar BRS 133 showed the greatest stability in seed production with better quality for the different sowing dates. Cultivars BRS 134 and BRS 133, which were sown during the period from 10/15 to 11/30, produced seeds that had higher percentages of normal seedlings in the germination and accelerated aging tests. Advancing or delaying sowing dates had adverse effects on soybean seed production with regard to their sanitary quality.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/sa/v60n2/15325.pdf

Sowing seasons and quality of soybean seeds

The aim of the present research was to study effects of planting dates on grain yield and it's components for three soybean cultivars Glycine max (L.) Merrill). The experiments were grown under field conditions of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil (22o 51'S latitude and 48o 27'W.Gr. longitude) on a soil classified as 'Terra Roxa Estruturada". Soybean cultivars Parana, Santa Rosa and UFV-1 were sown fortnightly in six planting periods, starting in October, and repeated for three years (1977/78, 1978/79 and 1979/80). The following traits were evaluated: seed yield (kg/ha), number of pods per plant, percentage of normal pods, number of seeds of normal pods and weight of 100 seeds. Highest seed production were obtained on the second fortnight of October and during November sowing dates. Number of pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds were the yield components that were most affected by sowing dates.

/pdf/epocas-de-semeadura-da-soja-i-efeitos-na-producao-de-graos-e-dggiu33p0m.pdf

Épocas de semeadura da soja I. Efeitos na produção de grãos e nos componentes da produção

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Épocas de semeadura da soja I. Efeitos na produção de grãos e nos componentes da produção