https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(07)60601-1.pdf

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Background The long-term renal consequences of kidney donation by a living donor are attracting increased appropriate interest. The overall evidence suggests that living kidney donors have survival similar to that of nondonors and that their risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not increased. Previous studies have included relatively small numbers of donors and a brief follow-up period. Methods We ascertained the vital status and lifetime risk of ESRD in 3698 kidney donors who donated kidneys during the period from 1963 through 2007; from 2003 through 2007, we also measured the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion and assessed the prevalence of hypertension, general health status, and quality of life in 255 donors. Results The survival of kidney donors was similar to that of controls who were matched for age, sex, and race or ethnic group. ESRD developed in 11 donors, a rate of 180 cases per million persons per year, as compared with a rate of 268 per million per year in the general population. At a mean (±SD) of 12.2±9.2 years after donation, 85.5% of the subgroup of 255 donors had a GFR of 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2 of bodysurface area or higher, 32.1% had hypertension, and 12.7% had albuminuria. Older age and higher body-mass index, but not a longer time since donation, were associated with both a GFR that was lower than 60 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2 and hypertension. A longer time since donation, however, was independently associated with albuminuria. Most donors had quality-of-life scores that were better than population norms, and the prevalence of coexisting conditions was similar to that among controls from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were matched for age, sex, race or ethnic group, and body-mass index. Conclusions Survival and the risk of ESRD in carefully screened kidney donors appear to be similar to those in the general population. Most donors who were studied had a preserved GFR, normal albumin excretion, and an excellent quality of life.

/pdf/long-term-consequences-of-kidney-donation-3cmet48vap.pdf

Long-Term Consequences of Kidney Donation

Background: The incidence of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis (ACD) is increasing in the Western world. To improve the quality of patient care, a guideline

/pdf/guidelines-of-diagnostics-and-treatment-of-acute-left-sided-1po8mr4e3z.pdf

Guidelines of Diagnostics and Treatment of Acute Left-Sided Colonic Diverticulitis

Glomerular number and size in autopsy kidneys: the relationship to birth weight.

Pathologic classification of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a working proposal.

Living related donor (LRD) nephrectomies are controversial due to the risks to the donor and improved cadaveric graft survival using cyclosporine A. Between December 22, 1970, and December 31, 1984, 1096 renal transplants were performed at a single institution, 314 (28.6%) from LRD. The average age was 34.3 years (range: 18-67); none had preoperative hypertension. All nephrectomies were performed transabdominally. Major perioperative complications occurred in 22 (7.0%). These include wound infections (3.5%), pancreatitis (1.0%), injuries to spleen (1.0%) or adrenal gland (0.3%) requiring removal, pneumonitis (0.6%), ulnar nerve palsy (0.6%), femoral artery thrombosis after arteriogram (0.3%), pulmonary embolus (0.3%), and upper pole infarct of contralateral kidney (0.3%). There are six known deaths in this series, none of which were related to the operation. Major late complications were seen in 50 (20.0%) of 250 patients followed for 6 to 175 months (mean 53.1 months). These included definite hypertension (5.6%), suture granuloma (4.4%), incisional hernia (3.6%), proteinuria (2.4%), bowel obstruction (2.0%), nephrolithiasis (1.2%), wound infection (0.4%), scrotal hydrocele (0.4%), and chronic pancreatitis (0.4%). While the risk of hypertension appears to increase as the interval from donation increases, no cases of renal failure after donation have been noted, and negligible proteinuria among those followed long-term has been seen in this series. It is felt that living related kidney donation is justified when the relative is sincerely motivated and well informed prior to donation.

Living related kidney donors. A 14-year experience

Treatment of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis by immunosuppression.

Colonic complications after renal transplantation are uncommon but have a high mortality rate. Some have recommended colonic screening in patients over 50 years of age prior to transplantation to lessen the impact of colonic diverticular disease. We report our 9-year experience of colonic screening for diverticular disease in potential recipients over the age of 50 and compare these results to the overall colonic complication rate in the same time period. From 1981-1990, 1186 renal transplants in 1019 patients were performed, during which time all potential recipients over the age of 50 yr were required to undergo colon evaluation prior to transplantation. Twenty cases of diverticular disease were found with more than a quarter of the cases in patients with adult polycystic disease. All underwent renal transplantation without a pre-transplant colectomy, and none had post transplant symptomatic colon disease. During that same time period a total of 14 colonic complications requiring surgical intervention were encountered with a mortality rate of 40%. Acute diverticulitis occurred in 5 patients, all of whom were over 50 yr of age, on low-dose immunosuppression, and in most cases it occurred remotely after transplantation. Colonic dysplasia/neoplasia also occurred remotely after transplantation in 2 patients over the age of 50. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis was the next most common complication, accounting for 3 cases. This complication, which occurred in younger patients, was associated with high-dose steroid immunosuppression and had a high mortality rate, in spite of surgical intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Colonic screening prior to renal transplantation and its impact on post-transplant colonic complications.

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor of the kidney.

Seven hypertensive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for relief of arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation. Five had end-to-side anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient external iliac artery, and two had end-to-end anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient internal iliac artery. Each patient had developed hypertension (blood pressure greater than 145/95 mm Hg), elevated peripheral venous plasma renin, and six demonstrated decrease in renal function as detected by an increase in serum creatinine at least 2 months after transplantation and without evidence of rejection. Angioplasty was technically successful without significant complications and blood pressure and biochemical abnormalities were improved or stabilized in all seven patients.

Renal transplant arterial stenosis: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

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