The excessive use of inorganic fertilizers causes serious environmental degradation, resulting in lower crop yields in Bangladesh. Seventy percent of Bangladesh farmers practice traditional fertilizer broadcasting. In the 1960s, the Bangladesh state authority launched a ‘Grow More Food’ campaign to feed the country’s increasing population. Farmers were supplied with chemical fertilizers and pesticides at a subsidized price. Farmers increased the frequency of fertilizer applications to enhance yields. These practices are still used and have caused significant environmental degradation. In this study, we examined the effects of fertilizer broadcasting on excessive use of fertilizer and environmental risks. We collected data from 211 Bangladesh infield farmers in 2016. Respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by applying a binary logistic regression model to test the degree of effects between the testable variables. The study found that the effect of broadcasting on the excessive use of fertilizers is strongly significant, at 1%. It also found that younger farmers have a significant effect at 10% on the excessive use of fertilizers. Bangladesh policymakers can formulate policy on sustainable fertilizer management, introducing different placement methods on the basis of this finding. After that, the Directorate of Agricultural Extension (DAE) can carry out the policy at the field level.

Effects of Fertilizer Broadcasting on the Excessive Use of Inorganic Fertilizers and Environmental Sustainability

Statistical yearbook of Bangladesh = Bāṃlādeśa parisaṃkhyāna barshagrantha

Improving livelihood of rural women through income generating activities in Bangladesh

There has been an increasing interest in organization theory field towards network theory and methodology during the recent years. Academy of Management Review which is one of the most important journals in this field published a special issue concerning the organizational networks. Social embeddedness theory of Granovetter (1985) can be seen as a milestone for the widespread usage of social network methodology in the field of economics and management. Network research methodology has gained importance to measure the social capital of the organizations (Bordieu, 1983 and Coleman, 1988) for understanding institutional effects in an organizational field (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983; Galaskiewicz and Wasserman, 1989) and to map resource dependency relations between organizations (Pfefer and Salancik, 1978). Networks research methodology can also be used to determine some micro issues in organizations like coalition groups, cliques, social capital formation tendency of the actors. The purpose of this study is to provide information to the potential researchers about basic aspects of social network theory, usage areas in organizational research field, data collection, data entry, measurement items, data analysis and software tools for analyzing social networks.

/pdf/social-network-analysis-in-organizational-studies-dt8ycrfpaq.pdf

Social network analysis in organizational studies

Proper nourishment is fundamental for satisfactory crop growth and production. However, for efficient crop production, it is important to understand the soil environment, to recognize the limitations of that environment, and to ameliorate them where possible without damaging the soil quality. Soil testing and fertilizer recommendation facilities (STFRF) can help farmers to achieve environmental and economic sustainability by assisting them in recognizing their soil condition, reducing agrochemicals usage, using an appropriate amount of fertilizer, minimizing input costs, and achieving higher yield. These facilities are not new in the context of Bangladesh, yet the adoption rate among farmers is low and its determinants have rarely been empirically tested based on microlevel data. Therefore, this study examined those factors underlying the adoption of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation facilities using field surveyed data of 176 individual farmers. Our evidence shows that young farmers with less farming experience are more likely to adopt these facilities. Additionally, being small-scale farmers, having higher education, having more farming income, and having more knowledge about these facilities and the fees of these facilities were found to have a significant effect on the adoption. On the other hand, gender, land ownership, and secondary income were found to be insignificant with regard to the adoption of soil testing and fertilizer recommendation facilities. Our results also revealed that most adopter farmers not only focused on profitability, but were additionally concerned with environmental well-being.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/11/4331/pdf

Investigating Key Factors Influencing Farming Decisions Based on Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Facilities (STFRF)—A Case Study on Rural Bangladesh

This paper presents findings of a study on the barriers faced by small farmers in adopting the integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) for sustainable farming development. The study was conducted in 3 villages in the central sub-district of Narail, in Bangladesh. Data were collected through interviews with 110, randomly selected farmers. The majority were found to use plant nutrient sources either inadequately or only moderately. Manure was found to be used much less frequently than fertilizers, even though in the past it was the main source of soil nutrients for farmers in the region. The results indicate that more than three quarters of the farmers questioned confronted moderate barriers in adopting IPNS, while 20% faced severe barriers. In addition the barriers faced were found to be inversely proportional to the farmers' education level, farm size, innovativeness, extension contact network, knowledge of the IPNS technique and the perceived benefits of using manure. Key words: Farmer; barrier; IPNS; sustainable agriculture; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.4038/suslj.v7i1.1840 Sabaragamuwa University Journal vol. 07 no.1, 2007 pp 3-21

/pdf/barriers-faced-by-small-farmers-in-adopting-the-integrated-6ydhhhl313.pdf

Barriers Faced by Small Farmers in Adopting the Integrated Plant Nutrient System for Sustainable Farming Development

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Barriers Faced by Small Farmers in Adopting the Integrated Plant Nutrient System for Sustainable Farming Development