Theoretical and experimental study of natural convection with surface thermal radiation in a side open cavity

Precipitation extremes intensify in most regions in climate-model projections. Changes in vertical velocities contribute to the changes in intensity of precipitation extremes but remain poorly understood. Here, we find that mid-tropospheric vertical velocities in extratropical precipitation extremes strengthen overall in simulations of 21st-century climate change. For each extreme event, we solve the quasi-geostrophic omega equation to decompose this strengthening into different physical contributions. We first consider a dry decomposition in which latent heating is treated as an external forcing of upward motion. Much of the positive contribution to upward motion from increased latent heating is offset by negative contributions from increases in dry static stability and changes in the horizontal length scale of vertical velocities. However, taking changes in latent heating as given is a limitation when the aim is to understand changes in precipitation, since latent heating and precipitation are closely linked. Therefore, we also perform a moist decomposition of the changes in vertical velocities in which latent heating is represented through a moist static stability. In the moist decomposition, changes in moist static stability play a key role and contributions from other factors such as changes in the depth of the upward motion increase in importance. While both dry and moist decompositions are self-consistent, the moist dynamical perspective has greater potential to give insights into the causes of the dynamical contributions to changes in precipitation extremes in different regions.

Response of Vertical Velocities in Extratropical Precipitation Extremes to Climate Change

A coupled strongly implicit procedure (CSIP) is presented for application in solving the algebraic equation system that results from discrete modeling of incompressible fluid flow problems. The proposed procedure uses a derived pressure equation, representing conservation of mass, that is obtained through the substitution of discrete momentum equations into the discrete mass conservation equation. If a conservative formulation is used, the conservation property is not altered by the use of this pressure equation. The characteristics of the new procedure are examined through application to three test problems having significant inertial influences, in addition to the diffusion of momentum. It is observed that the proposed procedure is robust and stable over a wide range of its parameters. Cost comparisons indicate that while not optimized from a coding viewpoint, the proposed procedure is marginally more expensive than a fully optimized SIMPLE procedure. However, the significant benefits available with the...

A coupled strongly implicit procedure for velocity and pressure computation in fluid flow problems

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10484&context=rtd

A primitive variable, strongly implicit calculation procedure for two and three-dimensional unsteady viscous flo ws: applications to compressible and incompressible flo ws including flo ws with free surfaces

The development of a rotational inviscid compressible inverse design method for two-dimensional internal flow configurations is described. Rotationality is due to incoming entropy gradient whereas total enthalpy is considered to be constant throughout the flowfield. The method is based on the potential function/stream function formulation. The Clebsch formulation is adopted to decompose the velocity vector into a potential and a rotational part. The physical space on which the boundaries of the flowfield are sought is mapped onto the (0, V7) space via a body-fitted coordinate transformation. A novel procedure based on differential geometry arguments is employed to derive the governing equation for the velocity. The velocity equation solved in conjunction with a transport equation for a thermal drift function provide the flowfield without any geometry feedback. An auxiliary orthogonal computational grid adapted to the solution is employed. Geometry is determined by integrating Frenet equations of the grid lines. Inverse calculation results are compared with results of direct "reproduction" calculations.

Rotational Compressible Inverse Design Method for Two-Dimensional, Internal Flow Configurations

The application of discretizatio n techniques frequently leads to a system of algebraic equations having a welldefined coefficient structure. A modified strongly implicit procedure for solving the system resulting from the modeling of heat conduction in three dimensions is presented in this work. The method is derived for a 19 point scheme with the more common 7 point scheme emerging as a special case of the procedure. In this way, the asymmetric influence of the additional terms in the LU matrix product is weakened. As a consequence, the method is less sensitive to the iteration parameter and mesh aspect ratio and, in addition, provides considerably more rapid convergence than does the strongly implicit procedure. The increased convergence is exhibited by a significant reduction in the computational cost. The characteristics of the method are examined through application to several model problems and application is made to a more complex three-dimensional problem. Comparisons with the SIP (strongly implicit) and ADI (alternating direction implicit) methods are provided.

A three-dimensional modified strongly implicit procedure for heat conduction

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A three-dimensional modified strongly implicit procedure for heat conduction