Summary The space environment is still challenging but is becoming more and more attractive for an increasing number of entities. In the second half of the 20th century, a huge amount of funds was ...

/pdf/small-satellites-and-cubesats-survey-of-structures-1aqtregu8y.pdf

Small satellites and CubeSats: Survey of structures, architectures, and protocols

Active ionospheric experiments using high-power, high-frequency transmitters, “heaters”, to study plasma processes in the ionosphere and magnetosphere continue to provide new insights into understanding plasma and geophysical proceses. This review describes the heating facilities, past and present, and discusses scientific results from these facilities and associated space missions. Phenomena that have been observed with these facilities are reviewed along with theoretical explanations that have been proposed or are commonly accepted. Gaps or uncertainties in understanding of heating-initiated phenomena are discussed together with proposed science questions to be addressed in the future. Suggestions for improvements and additions to existing facilities are presented including important satellite missions which are necessary to answer the outstanding questions in this field.

/pdf/past-present-and-future-of-active-radio-frequency-2dhlfjxq6t.pdf

Past, Present and Future of Active Radio Frequency Experiments in Space

. The Daedalus mission has been proposed to the European Space
Agency (ESA) in response to the call for ideas for the Earth Observation
program's 10th Earth Explorer. It was selected in 2018 as one of
three candidates for a phase-0 feasibility study. The goal of the mission is
to quantify the key electrodynamic processes that determine the structure
and composition of the upper atmosphere, the gateway between the Earth's
atmosphere and space. An innovative preliminary mission design allows
Daedalus to access electrodynamics processes down to altitudes of 150 km and
below. Daedalus will perform in situ measurements of plasma density and
temperature, ion drift, neutral density and wind, ion and neutral
composition, electric and magnetic fields, and precipitating particles. These
measurements will unambiguously quantify the amount of energy deposited in
the upper atmosphere during active and quiet geomagnetic times via Joule
heating and energetic particle precipitation, estimates of which currently
vary by orders of magnitude between models and observation methods. An
innovation of the Daedalus preliminary mission concept is that it includes
the release of subsatellites at low altitudes: combined with the main
spacecraft, these subsatellites will provide multipoint measurements
throughout the lower thermosphere–ionosphere (LTI) region, down to altitudes
below 120 km, in the heart of the most under-explored region in the Earth's
atmosphere. This paper describes Daedalus as originally proposed to the ESA.

/pdf/daedalus-a-low-flying-spacecraft-for-in-situ-exploration-of-3gyx91hnb8.pdf

Daedalus: a low-flying spacecraft for in situ exploration of the lower thermosphere–ionosphere

There has been a recent trend to increase capability and drive down the Size, Weight and Power (SWAP) of satellites. NASA scientists and engineers across many of NASA's Mission Directorates and Centers are developing exciting CubeSat concepts and welcome potential partnerships for CubeSat endeavors. From a "Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) Systems and Flight Operations for Small Satellites" point of view, small satellites including CubeSats are a challenge to coordinate because of existing small spacecraft constraints, such as limited SWAP and attitude control, and the potential for high numbers of operational spacecraft. The NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program's Near Earth Network (NEN) and Space Network (SN) are customer driven organizations that provide comprehensive communications services for space assets including data transport between a mission's orbiting satellite and its Mission Operations Center (MOC). This paper presents how well the SCaN networks, SN and NEN, are currently positioned to support the emerging small small satellite and CubeSat market as well as planned enhancements for future support.

/pdf/nasa-near-earth-network-nen-and-space-network-sn-cubesat-2lcflts21y.pdf

NASA Near Earth Network (NEN) and Space Network (SN) CubeSat Communications

A comprehensive attitude formulation with spin for numerical model of irradiance for CubeSats and Picosats

Funded by the NSF CubeSat and NASA ELaNa programs, the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment (DICE) mission consists of two 1.5U CubeSats which were launched into an eccentric low Earth orbit on October 28, 2011. Each identical spacecraft carries two Langmuir probes to measure ionospheric in-situ plasma densities, electric field probes to measure in-situ DC and AC electric fields, and a science grade magnetometer to measure in-situ DC and AC magnetic fields. Given the tight integration of these multiple sensors with the CubeSat platforms, each of the DICE spacecraft is effectively a “sensor-sat” capable of comprehensive ionospheric diagnostics. The use of two identical sensor-sats at slightly different orbiting velocities in nearly identical orbits permits the de-convolution of spatial and temporal ambiguities in the observations of the ionosphere from a moving platform. In addition to demonstrating nanosat-based constellation science, the DICE mission is advancing a number of groundbreaking CubeSat technologies including miniaturized mechanisms and high-speed downlink communications.

/pdf/design-development-implementation-and-on-orbit-performance-562887wccx.pdf

Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission

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Design, Development, Implementation, and On-orbit Performance of the Dynamic Ionosphere CubeSat Experiment Mission