This paper reviews current understanding of key physics elements that control the H-mode pedestal structure, which exists at the boundary of magnetically confined plasmas. The structure of interest is the width, height and gradient of temperature, density and pressure profiles in the pedestal. Emphasis is placed on understanding obtained from combined experimental, theoretical and simulation work and on results observed on multiple machines. Pedestal profiles are determined by the self-consistent interaction of sources, transport and magnetohydrodynamic limits. The heat source is primarily from heat deposited in the core and flowing to the pedestal. This source is computed from modeling of experimental data and is generally well understood. Neutrals at the periphery of the plasma provide the dominant particle source in current machines. This source has a complex spatial structure, is very difficult to measure and is poorly understood. For typical H-mode operation, the achievable pedestal pressure is limited by repetitive, transient magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. First principles models of peeling–ballooning modes are generally able to explain the observed limits. In some regimes, instability occurs below the predicted limits and these remain unexplained. Several mechanisms have been identified as plausible sources of heat transport. These include neoclassical processes for ion heat transport and several turbulent processes, driven by the steep pedestal gradients, as sources of electron and ion heat transport. Reduced models have successfully predicted the pedestal or density at the pedestal top. Firming up understanding of heat and particle transport remains a primary challenge for developing more complete predictive pedestal models.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6587/acd478/pdf

Elements of H-mode pedestal structure

Preliminary implementation of plasma discharge simulation system based on ITER plasma control system simulation platform

Smart contracts and Blockchain are necessary for transactions in supply chain management. A smart contract is an agreement in the form of a cryptographic code digitally signed by the actors. This technology holds the data transaction transparently and securely between the actors. The actors may benefit without intermediaries involved in the transaction. Supply chain management will be easily tracked by decentralized data sharing. Supply chain management involves transactions in agricultural sectors such as farmers, Village Cooperatives units, distributors, and consumers. The Cooperative is a party that buys goods from farmers and sells them to consumers. A smart contract is a digital signature that can access the system in transactions. The system records log activities that show the origin of transactions. All actors can see the transaction of agricultural products stored in the blockchain ledger in the Blockchain. This paper discusses blockchain-based smart contracts scenario for supply chain management that is simulated and implemented in the Serious Game. The Game is developed using Unity 3D Development Platform, programming language contract using Solidity, Moralis as Web3 Development Platform and dApp as backend blockchain, Network Environment Polygon Ethereum, and Database that is Redis Enterprise, MongoDB Compass, and Mumbai Testnet. 

Supply Chain Management Serious Game Using Blockchain Smart Contract

The acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) imaging spectrometer is a staring-type instrument that acquires spectral images of different bands asynchronously and sequentially, and is susceptible to platform jitter and target motion. When the integration time of the detector increases, serious spectral images degradation occurs along with a large band-to-band misregistration. The dual-path optical configuration, capable of simultaneously acquiring diffracted and undiffracted beams of AOTF, has been shown to be effective in solving the problem of band-to band misregistration. Hence by solving the remaining spectral image degradation problems, the application range of AOTF will transcend the previous limitation. Therefore, this paper presents a new, to the best of our knowledge, method of capturing a series of short-exposure undiffracted beam images to calculate the blur kernel of the diffracted spectral images, since the high-intensity characteristics of the undiffracted beam can also be exploited in the dual-path system. The paper starts with analyzing the impact of the platform on spectral images, and then demonstrates the development and calibration of a dual-path based spectral image deblurring method. Finally, laboratory experiment verifies that the resulting blur kernel can be effectively used for spectral image restoration, thus demonstrating the robustness of this technique.

Blurred spectral images restoration technology for AOTF imaging spectrometer based on dual-path architecture.

Events detection and handling based on hierarchical finite state machines in EAST PCS

Jitter correction for EAST infrared videos using edge-based phase correlation method

The paper investigates the effect of pedestal turbulence, i.e. coherent mode (CM), on the divertor total particle flux, the particle flux distribution and heat flux distribution, and their decay lengths in the scrape-off layer (SOL) region on EAST tokamak. The experimental evidence indicates the coherence between the pedestal CM and the divertor particle flux fluctuation, which implies that the pedestal CM can affect the divertor plasma behavior. The increase of the particle flux decay length (λjs) correlates with the density radial decay length (λ n,SOL) in the SOL region where the λ n,SOL is largely affected by the change of pedestal CM amplitude. A quantitative statistical analysis shows that the divertor total particle flux and λjs in the SOL region increase with increasing amplitude of the electron density fluctuation and the electron temperature fluctuation induced by the pedestal CM. The temporal decay process of the total particle flux is interrupted by the appearance of CM at the pedestal. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of the divertor particle flux and heat flux are enhanced when the pedestal CM appears, which are observed in both the upper single null and lower single null configurations.

Impact of coherent mode on divertor particle and heat flux in a type I ELMy H mode plasma on EAST tokamak

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Events detection and handling based on hierarchical finite state machines in EAST PCS

Jitter correction for EAST infrared videos using edge-based phase correlation method

Impact of coherent mode on divertor particle and heat flux in a type I ELMy H mode plasma on EAST tokamak