Magnonics addresses the physical properties of spin waves and utilizes them for data processing. Scalability down to atomic dimensions, operation in the GHz-to-THz frequency range, utilization of nonlinear and nonreciprocal phenomena, and compatibility with CMOS are just a few of many advantages offered by magnons. Although magnonics is still primarily positioned in the academic domain, the scientific and technological challenges of the field are being extensively investigated, and many proof-of-concept prototypes have already been realized in laboratories. This roadmap is a product of the collective work of many authors, which covers versatile spin-wave computing approaches, conceptual building blocks, and underlying physical phenomena. In particular, the roadmap discusses the computation operations with the Boolean digital data, unconventional approaches, such as neuromorphic computing, and the progress toward magnon-based quantum computing. This article is organized as a collection of sub-sections grouped into seven large thematic sections. Each sub-section is prepared by one or a group of authors and concludes with a brief description of current challenges and the outlook of further development for each research direction. 

Advances in Magnetics Roadmap on Spin-Wave Computing

Magnonics is a field of science that addresses the physical properties of spin waves and utilizes them for data processing. Scalability down to atomic dimensions, operations in the GHz-to-THz frequency range, utilization of nonlinear and nonreciprocal phenomena, and compatibility with CMOS are just a few of many advantages offered by magnons. Although magnonics is still primarily positioned in the academic domain, the scientific and technological challenges of the field are being extensively investigated, and many proof-of-concept prototypes have already been realized in laboratories. This roadmap is a product of the collective work of many authors that covers versatile spin-wave computing approaches, conceptual building blocks, and underlying physical phenomena. In particular, the roadmap discusses the computation operations with Boolean digital data, unconventional approaches like neuromorphic computing, and the progress towards magnon-based quantum computing. The article is organized as a collection of sub-sections grouped into seven large thematic sections. Each sub-section is prepared by one or a group of authors and concludes with a brief description of the current challenges and the outlook of the further development of the research directions.

Roadmap on Spin-Wave Computing.

Artificially fabricated three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures have recently emerged as a new type of magnetic material with the potential of displaying physical properties absent in thin-film geometries. Interconnected nanowire arrays yielding three-dimensional versions of artificial spin-ices are of particular interest within this material category. Despite growing interest in the topic, several properties of these systems are still unexplored. Here, we study, through micromagnetic simulations, the high-frequency dynamic modes developing in buckyball-type magnetic nanoarchitectures. We obtain a characteristic excitation spectrum and analyze the corresponding mode profiles and their magnetic field dependence. The magnetic resonances are localized at different geometric constituents of the structure and depend on the local magnetic configuration. These features foreshow the potential of such systems for reprogrammable magnonic device applications with geometrically tunable frequencies.

High-frequency modes in a magnetic buckyball nanoarchitecture

Improved charge carrier separation of Schottky junction containing a bimetallic Cu-Pd alloy and N-Bi2WO6 square-shaped discs for photocatalytic H2 performance

The high-density integration in information technology fuels the research on functional 3D nanodevices. Particularly ferromagnets promise multifunctional 3D devices for nonvolatile data storage, high-speed data processing and non-charge-based logic operations via spintronics and magnonics concepts. However, 3D nanofabrication of ferromagnets is extremely challenging. In this work, we report an additive manufacturing methodology and fabricate unprecedented 3D ferromagnetic nanonetworks with a woodpile-structure unit cell. We investigate their collective spin dynamics (magnons) at frequencies up to 25 GHz by Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) microscopy and micromagnetic simulations. A clear discrepancy of about 10 GHz is found between the bulk and surface modes which we engineer by different unit cell sizes in the Ni-based nanonetworks. The angle- and spatially-dependent modes demonstrate opportunities for multi-frequency signal processing in 3D circuits via magnons. The developed synthesis route will allow one to create 3D magnonic crystals with chiral unit cells which are a prerequisite towards surface modes with topologically protected properties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Realization and Control of Bulk and Surface Modes in 3D Nanomagnonic Networks by Additive Manufacturing of Ferromagnets.

We report plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare conformal nickel thin films and nanotubes using nickelocene as a precursor, water as the oxidant agent, and an in-cycle plasma-enhanced reduction step with hydrogen. The optimized ALD pulse sequence, combined with a post-processing annealing treatment, allowed us to prepare 30 nm-thick metallic Ni layers with a resistivity of 8 μΩ cm at room temperature and good conformality both on the planar substrates and nanotemplates. Thus, we fabricated several micrometers-long nickel nanotubes with diameters ranging from 120 to 330 nm. We report the correlation between ALD growth and functional properties of individual Ni nanotubes characterized in terms of magnetotransport and the confinement of spin-wave modes. The findings offer novel perspectives for Ni-based spintronics and magnonic devices operated in the GHz frequency regime with 3D device architectures.

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsami.0c06879

Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of nickel nanotubes with low resistivity and coherent magnetization dynamics for 3D spintronics

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Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of nickel nanotubes with low resistivity and coherent magnetization dynamics for 3D spintronics