Investigating the Convective Flow of Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids and Single Nanofluids around a Stretched Cylinder: Parameter Analysis and Performance Enhancement

Abstract The research aims to scrutinize the significance of MHD, radiation, Joule heating, porous medium, and heat generation impacts on the convective boundary flow. It contains blood as the base fluid, silver (Ag), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the nanoparticles over a curved stretching and shrinking sheet. To investigate the rheology of blood, we used a Williamson fluid model with comparisons for both curved stretching/shrinking sheets for velocity and a comparison between linear and nonlinear thermal radiation for temperature, entropy production, and Bejan number. This model is used to study physiological systems, surgical procedures, and nano-pharmacological delivery systems. The governing nonlinear coupled PDEs are transformed into nonlinear associated ODEs via the similarity transformation in the Maple software solver using the Homotopy Perturbation Method. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) results are compared with the Numerical Method (NM) results, where HPM gives reliable results. The results and discussion provide graphical results with several parameters for velocity, temperature, entropy production, Bejan number, Nusselt number, and skin friction. As the magnetic field parameter (M) increases, the velocity profile decreases for curved stretching sheet. We observe the opposite behavior of the velocity profile for a curved shrinking sheet. As the volume fractions increase, the temperature profile increases for linear and non-linear thermal radiation. The temperature profile rises due to the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles, which is amplified by estimations of the nanoparticle volume fractions.

Entropy generation on MHD flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluid over a permeable curved stretching/shrinking sheet with various radiations

The intention of this article is to explore the entropy generation of the Carreau hybrid nanofluid in a permeable rotating disk in the presence of thermal radiation, heat generation, and viscous dissipation. By applying the self-similarity variables, the partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations and then the homotopy perturbation method is performed. Graphene oxide (Go) and Silver (Ag) are nanoparticles and kerosene oil as a base fluid is considered. Compared to the numerical technique (Runge-Kutta method), the homotopy perturbation method generates more precise and dependable results. The influence of sundry parameters is exhibited graphically for velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number. The higher values of the Weissenberg number enhance the velocity profile and the opposite nature is observed in the porosity parameter. The entropy generation increases for larger values of the thermal radiation and electric field parameters. Carreau nanofluid expands under higher stress on the surface of the wall than Newtonian fluid. This type of problem would be used for electric devices and solar thermal systems. Moreover, the selected nanoparticles Graphene oxide and Silver play an important role in the biofunctionalization of protein, antibacterial, and anticancer therapy.

Entropy generation on EMHD Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Carreau hybrid nanofluid over a permeable rotating disk with radiation and heat generation: Homotopy perturbation solution

Mathematical modeling of carboxymethyl cellulose water-based hybrid nanofluid flow between rotating disk and stationary cone

The dynamics of the chemotaxis mechanism for the bioconvection in the fluid motion engender by the swirling movement of a flexible heated cylinder is the core concern of the present investigation. The cylinder movement is basically combination of constant rotation and axial dependent stretching. The non-linear viscoelastic fluid is considered here with the time relaxation phenomenon. Moreover, the fluid also contains the gyrotactic micro-species. In energy transportation analysis the impact of thermal and concentration gradients on solutal and thermal transportation of energy, respectively, is analyzed with the help of the Soret-Dufour theory. The magnetic field is applied as an external constraint in the flow present problem. The problem governed by non-linear differential equations is solved with help of bvp5c function. The outcomes of the present problem are expressed in graphical forms and explained in the view of practical implementation. Each result of the study reflects the impact of non-dimensional parameters on flow, energy, and bio-convection phenomena. It is depicted that fluid temperature increases for Soret and Dufour number because these effects prevent the solutal deposition and serve as a coolant for surface boundary. 

Chemotaxis bioconvection in swirling flow of maxwell fluid with diffusion-thermo and thermal-diffusion effects

In the present study, we investigate the influence of entropy on non-Newtonian fluid over a stretchable cylinder in the presence of Darcy-Forchheimer, heat flux and thermal radiation. Moreover, Cu and CuO nanoparticles are suspended in the base fluid blood. The basic PDE’s (Partial Differential equations) are transformed into ODE’s (Ordinary Differential equations) by ensuring correct self-similarity transformations. ODE’s are resolved using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta along with shooting procedure. Numerical method (NM) and Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) solutions for the nonlinear system are obtained so that they compared to each other for the case of cylinder and sheet. In this model, we made a comparison between the stretching cylinder and a flat sheet and those are represented via graphically. Moreover, the obtained results compared with the previous literature and are found to be an excellent agreement. It is found that the fluid velocity reduces for the higher values of magnetic parameter. Higher values of the heat generation parameter improve the temperature profiles. Nusselt number decreases when developing Darcy–Forchheimer number and temperature time relaxation parameter. 

Entropy optimization on MHD flow of Williamson hybrid nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux: a comparative study on stretching cylinder and sheet

This research examines the MHD boundary layer phenomenon of Casson and Williamson hybrid nanofluids on a stretching cylindrical surface. In this model we have taken Ethylene Glycol (EG 50%) and Water ( H 2 O 50%) as the base fluid and C u − A l 2 O 3 as the nanoparticles. There are various theoretical models available presently for illustrating the thermal transfer impact of non-Newtonian liquid flows over a cylinder. Additionally, External magnetic forces are ideal for addressing the fluid's physical properties and controlling the sort of heat and momentum transfer in the system. Taking this into perspective, we investigate the heat transport behaviour of two distinct non-Newtonian MHD fluids when a cylinder is stretched with heat generation, using a new heat flux theory developed by Christov–Cattaneo to explain the heat transport behaviour. The basic PDEs are turned into ODEs by using the correct similarity transformations. The 4th order Runge–Kutta shooting system is used to solve these ODEs. Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for the nonlinear system is developed for the comparison purpose and more accurate and reliable outcomes is illustrated through graphs and tables. It is observed that the fluid velocity reduces for the higher values of M. Higher values of the heat generation parameter improve the temperature profile. Nusselt number diminishes when developing Brinkman and Eckert number. Thermal relaxation effectively augments the Bejan factor in the flow of Williamson fluid more than it does in the flow of Casson fluid. This type of theoretical study may be used to improve the performance of solar collectors, solar water heating, solar energy, domestic baseboard heaters, industrial heat exchangers and so on.

Comparative analysis on magnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid over a stretching cylinder: Entropy generation

In the present study, we examine the influence of entropy generation on Maxwell hybrid nanofluid over a cylinder in the presence of non-linear thermal radiation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux. In this model, we considered Au and cu are the nanoparticles which are suspended in the base fluid blood. The basic PDE’s (Partial differential equations) are transformed into ODE’s (Ordinary differential equations) by ensuring the suitable self-similarity transformations. ODEs are resolved using a Runge–Kutta 4th-order along with shooting procedure. Numerical method (NM) and Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) solutions for the nonlinear system are obtained so that they compared to each other for the case of cylinder. The HPM is developed for comparison purposes, and more accurate and reliable outcomes are illustrated through graphs. Moreover, the obtained results are compared with the existing literature and are found to be an excellent agreement. It is found that the fluid velocity reduces for the higher values of magnetic parameter. Higher values of the heat generation parameter improve the temperature profiles. Nusselt number decreases when developing Darcy–Forchheimer number and temperature time relaxation parameter. This type of flow problems may be utilized to improve the blood flow in the blood vessel has attracted the attention of physicians and biomedical researchers as it specializes in various treatments such as drug targeting, cell tissue engineering, cancer, hyperthermia and hypothermia.

Entropy generation on MHD Maxwell hybrid nanofluid over a Stretching cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux: Analytical and numerical simulations

This entire study aims to prove the impacts of linear radiation, nonlinear thermal radiation, and quadratic radiation entropy generation on Williamson hybrid nanofluids through a comparative analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic flow in a porous material over a stretching cylinder and plate. We used hybrid nanofluid blood based on silver (Ag) and aluminum dioxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Using the Runge-Kutta technique of fourth order, the controlling nonlinear coupled Partial Differential Equations (PDE) are converted into nonlinear coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). Both numerical and homotopy perturbation methods are used to find the best solution for the nonlinear system. The findings are presented in a table and as graphical representations for a variety of parameters, including temperature, Bejan number, streamlines, entropy generation, and three-dimensional graphs of skin friction and Nusselt number. In this model, we compare the three different thermal radiations over the cylinder and plate compression, and those are represented via graphs. The velocity profile decreases for Williamson hybrid nanofluids over both cylinders and plates, while the magnetic field parameters increase. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a high level of agreement with earlier literature when compared. Our model may apply to physiological systems, pharmacological transport phenomena, and medical simulation tools. During endoscopy, a magnetic force field identifies or treats diseases. surgical procedures, nano-pharmacological delivery systems, etc. 

Entropy generation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux effects on Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow through various radiations and geometries: A comparative study

Particle shapes effect on Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a cylinder with Cattaneo-Christov thermal model with Entropy optimization

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