Structure and interactions in covalently and ionically crosslinked chitosan hydrogels for biomedical applications

Intervertebral disc regeneration strategies based on stem cell differentiation in combination with the design of functional scaffolds is an attractive approach towards repairing/regenerating the nucleus pulposus. The specific aim of this study was to optimise a composite hydrogel composed of type II collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) as a carrier for mesenchymal stem cells. Hydrogel stabilisation was achieved by means of 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and Nhydroxysuccinimide (NHS) cross-linking. Optimal hydrogel properties were determined by investigating different concentrations of EDC (8mM, 24mM and 48mM). Stable hydrogels were obtained independent of the concentration of carbodiimide used. The hydrogels crosslinked by the lowest concentration of EDC (8mM) demonstrated high swelling properties. Additionally, improved proliferation of seeded rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and hydrogel stability levels in culture were observed with this 8mM cross-linked hydrogel. Results from this study indicate that EDC/NHS (8mM) cross-linked type II collagen/HA hydrogel was capable of supporting viability of rMSCs, and furthermore their differentiation into a chondrogenic lineage. Further investigations should be conducted to determine its potential as scaffold for nucleus pulposus regeneration/repair.

/pdf/type-ii-collagen-hyaluronan-hydrogel-a-step-towards-a-28wy9ehmwf.pdf

Type ii collagen-hyaluronan hydrogel - a step towards a scaffold for intervertebral disc tissue engineering

Inflammation targeted chitosan-based hydrogel for controlled release of diclofenac sodium.

Systematic administration of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs is routinely employed to minimize pain and bodily disorders. Controlled drug delivery has the potential to improve the outcomes of disorders by providing sustained exposure to efficacious drug concentrations. Herein, we report the fabrication of multi-responsive hydrogels using reactive and functional polymers such as chitosan and polyvinyl pyrrolidone by varying the concentration of a cleavable crosslinker, tetraethyl orthosilicate. The swelling indices of the hydrogels were evaluated in distilled water, solutions with different pH values and different electrolytes. FTIR, WAXRD and TGA were conducted to investigate the structures, crystallinities and thermal stabilities of the prepared multi-responsive hydrogels, respectively. The ultimate tensile strength and elongations at break of the fabricated hydrogels were investigated to assess their mechanical stability. Optical microscopy, biodegradation, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity analyses were further carried out to verify the magnified crosslinked and porous structures, biodegradabilities, biocompatibilities and toxic behaviour of the as-prepared hydrogels, respectively. Drug release analysis was conducted to evaluate their release behaviour in PBS, SGF, SIF and electrolyte solutions. The overall results indicate the successful development of novel, non-toxic and sustained drug deliverable hydrogels, which can be considered as a paramount success towards the fabrication of controlled drug delivery systems.

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/ra/c9ra05025f

In vitro study of chitosan-based multi-responsive hydrogels as drug release vehicles: a preclinical study

Synthesis of pH-sensitive PVP/CM-chitosan hydrogels with improved surface property by irradiation

The semi-IPN hydrogel membranes of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and β-chitosan were synthesized by crosslinking β-chitosan with glutaraldehyde. Hydrogel membranes were characterized by spectroscopic, swelling, thermal and mechanical properties. The in vitro biocompatibility of hydrogel membranes was studied by haemorheological method. These hydrogels have water contents in the range of 60–70% with a high fraction contributed by free water (> 45%). The gel composition, amount of cross-linking agent and swelling temperature plays an important role in swelling kinetics of these semi-IPN membranes. Melting temperature (T
 m
 ) of membranes increased with a decrease in endothermic peak with increasing β-chitosan content. The tensile strength of membranes in the dry state was found to be high (29–43 MPa) and it increased with increasing β-chitosan content. The in vitro haemorheological studies indicated the biocompatible nature of membranes with no significant changes in whole blood and plasma viscosity and red blood cell rigidity.

Properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone/beta-chitosan hydrogel membranes and their biocompatibility evaluation by haemorheological method.

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Properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone/beta-chitosan hydrogel membranes and their biocompatibility evaluation by haemorheological method.