The flora of Iran is rich in endemic species of Apiaceae, many of which have been poorly investigated and whose phylogenetic relationships are unknown. We investigate the relationships within five genus groups of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae native to the Flora Iranica region using nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Supplementary comparative data come from morphology and, for one of these groups, petiole anatomy and palynology. These groups of Apioideae are circumscribed initially on the basis of morphological similarities and/or the results of previous molecular systematic investigations, then redefined and confirmed as monophyletic based on the results of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of ITS sequences from a broader sampling of species. These five redefined groups and their constituent genera include the Cachrys group (Alococarpum, Azilia, Bilacunaria, Cachrys, Diplotaenia, Eriocycla, Ferulago, Prangos), Cymbocarpum group (Cymbocarpum, Ducrosia, Kalakia), Ferula group (Dorema, Ferula, Leutea), Johrenia group (Holandrea, Johrenia, Johreniopsis), and Opopanax group (Opopanax, Smyrniopsis). Azilia eryngioides is a sister group to all other members of the Cachrys group, coincident with its highly unusual morphology. The monotypic Alococarpum may be transferred into Prangos pending further study. The Cymbocarpum group is contained within tribe Tordylieae, the latter now expanded to include Cymbocarpum, and the monotypic Kalakia is submerged within Cymbocarpum. Dorema and Leutea arise from within a paraphyletic Ferula in tribe Scandiceae; nomenclatural changes are suggested, but must await supporting evidence from chloroplast DNA. Neither Johrenia nor Johreniopsis of the Johrenia group (tribe Selineae) is monophyletic, with all examined species except Johrenia golestanica arising from within a paraphyletic Holandrea. Holandrea may be transferred into Johrenia and J. golestanica may constitute a new, monotypic genus pending confirmation from further investigations. Opopanax and Smyrniopsis, traditionally treated in two tribes, are confirmed as monophyletic sister groups in the Apioid superclade. They share similar morphological attributes and are closely allied to Petroedmondia, Magydaris, and Crenosciadium.

/pdf/phylogenetic-analysis-of-nrdna-its-sequences-reveals-1xejyefxg7.pdf

Phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences reveals relationships within five groups of Iranian Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae

The dichloromethane extract of the roots of Prangos hulusii, a recently described endemic species from Turkey, has yielded nine known and one new prenylated coumarins. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and direct comparison with the reference compounds where available. The root extract and its prenylated coumarins exhibit antimicrobial activity against nine standard and six clinically isolated strains at a concentration between 5 and 125 µg/mL. In particular, the new coumarin, 4′-senecioiloxyosthol (1), displayed 5 µg/mL MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372, murraol (4) and auraptenol (5) showed 63 µg/mL MIC value against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372, and isoimperatorin (9) exhibited 16 µg/mL MIC value.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/7/1098/pdf

Antibacterial Activities of Pyrenylated Coumarins from the Roots of Prangos hulusii

Background: Kundmannia anatolica Hub.-Mor. is an endemic specie of Apiaceae diversified in Turkey. Several parts
of the plant may contain essential oils in different quantity which can be influenced by environmental factors, mainly
altitude. The aim of this study was to test whether there is any altitude effect on volatile chemical constituents of
essential oil obtained from the fruits of K. anatolica growing spontaneously in different altitudes of Lakes Region in
Turkey.
Materials and Methods: K. anatolica was collected in 2015 at different altitudes (400, 820, 1002 and 1560 m) of
Lakes Region Turkey. The fruits of the plants were distilled for 3 h using a Clevenger type apparatus according to the
British Pharmacopiea (1980). Essential oils of the fruits were collected using hydro distillation method and analyzed by
GC–MS/FID.
Results: Essential oil contents of fruits increased by corresponding increase in altitude level. Predominant compounds
were α-Pinene (27.87-61.94%) and β-Pinene (24.92-36.46%) of the total oil of K. anatolica. Other important
compounds were α-Thujene (2.66-8.15%), l-Limonene (1.83-8.23%), α-Phellandrene (1.85-5.01%) and these
compounds were higher in low altitudes.
Conclusion: Altitude change affected the terpenoid biosynthesis and oxygenated monoterpenes generally and were
greatest when low; while sesquiterpene constituents were greatest at high altitudes. The influence of altitude seems to
be an important factor for yielding the chemical profile of K. anatolica essential oils. Thus, the location of the plant
must be taken into account depending on the intended use.

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/151924/141520

Geographical impact on essential oil composition of endemic kundmannia anatolica hub.-mor. (apiaceae)

A review of Ferula species: Biochemical characteristics, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, and suggestions for biotechnologists

A new sesquiterpene coumarin, gumosin (1), two new sesquiterpene coumarin glycosides, gumosides A (2) and B (3), and 10 known compounds, namely, cauferoside (4), feselol (5), conferoside, ferilin, ferocaulidin, ligupersin A, conferol, and daucosterol, and the phenolic compounds acantrifoside E and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(6-O-sulfo)glucopyranoside, were isolated from a methanolic extract of Ferula gumosa roots. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The cytotoxic activity of the sesquiterpene coumarin derivatives was evaluated against a small panel of cancer cell lines.

Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula gumosa.

An original database, ASIUM, on Asian Umbelliferae has been compiled at the Moscow State University to include all accepted names and synonyms, principal citations in regional Floras, monographs and critical articles, protologue data and distribution in countries, their regions and provinces. A special option permits the arrangement of synomyms, which can be divided into several homotypic groups. It is also possible to extract information for analysis and comparison, for instance, of species sets from different regions to estimate their similarity. ASIUM is a mobile monograph of the Umbelliferae for a continent, with their maximal biodiversity at the generic and specific levels: 286 genera and 2089 species of the family (s.l.) are registered in the database. The largest Umbelliferae genera in Asia are Ferula L., Bupleurum L., Pimpinella L., Heracleum L., Seseli L., Angelica L., Bunium L., Prangos Lindl., Ferulago W.D.J.Koch, Hymenidium Lindl., Hydrocotyle L., Chaerophyllum L., Eryngium L., Pternopetalum Franch., Elaeosticta Fenzl, Acronema Falc. ex Edgew. and Semenovia Regel & Herder. Maximal species diversity is observed in China, Asiatic Turkey, Iran, Asiatic Russia, Kazakhstan, India, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia and Syria. Nearly all these countries boast the largest number of endemics. In Turkey there are 4 endemic genera and 140 endemic species, including 6 problematic ones. South-west Asia as a whole is an area of considerable diversity and endemism of the Umbelliferae.

/pdf/the-asian-umbelliferae-biodiversity-database-asium-with-ekx881ibbq.pdf

The Asian Umbelliferae Biodiversity Database (ASIUM) with Particular Reference to South-West Asian Taxa

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The Asian Umbelliferae Biodiversity Database (ASIUM) with Particular Reference to South-West Asian Taxa