The mean and standard deviation in performance on math test scores are only slightly larger for males than for females. Despite minor differences in mean performance, many more boys than girls perform at the right tail of the distribution. This gender gap has been documented for a series of math tests including the AP calculus test, the mathematics SAT, and the quantitative portion of the Graduate Record Exam (GRE). The objective of this paper is not to discuss whether the mathematical skills of males and females differ, be it a result of nurture or nature. Rather we argue that the reported test scores do not necessarily match the gender differences in math skills. We will present results that suggest that the evidence of a large gender gap in mathematics performance at high percentiles in part may be explained by the differential manner in which men and women respond to competitive test-taking environments. The effects in mixed-sex settings range from women failing to perform well in competitions, to women shying away from environments in which they have to compete. We find that the response to competition differs for men and women, and in the examined environment, gender difference in competitive performance does not reflect the difference in noncompetitive performance. We argue that the competitive pressures associated with test taking may result in performances that do not reflect those of less-competitive settings. Of particular concern is that the distortion is likely to vary by gender and that it may cause gender differences in performance to be particularly large in mathematics and for the right tail of the performance distribution. Thus the gender gap in math test scores may exaggerate the math advantage of males over females.

/pdf/explaining-the-gender-gap-in-math-test-scores-the-role-of-2juodj7b4n.pdf

Explaining the Gender Gap in Math Test Scores: The Role of Competition

A central and contentious debate in many literatures concerns the relationship between financial and social performance. We advance this debate by measuring the financial-social performance link within mutual funds that practice socially responsible investing (SRI). SRI fund managers have an array of social screening strategies from which to choose. Prior studies have not addressed this heterogeneity within SRI funds. Combining modern portfolio and stakeholder theories, we hypothesize that the financial loss borne by an SRI fund due to poor diversification is offset as social screening intensifies because better managed and more stable firms are selected into its portfolio. We find support for this hypothesis through an empirical test on a panel of 61 SRI funds from 1972-2000. The results show that as the number of social screens used by an SRI fund increases, financial returns decline at first, but then rebound as the number of screens reaches a maximum. That is, we find a curvilinear relationship, suggesting that two long-competing viewpoints may be complementary. Furthermore, we find that financial performance varies with the types of social screens used. Community relations screening increased financial performance, but environmental and labor relations screening decreased financial performance. Based on our results, we suggest that literatures addressing the link between financial and social performance move toward in-depth examination of the merits of different social screening strategies, and away from the continuing debate on the financial merits of either being socially responsible or not.

Beyond dichotomy: the curvilinear relationship between social responsibility and financial performance

https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstream/2086/22156/1/Gerged%2c%20Chijoke-Mgbame%2c%20Konadu%20%26%20Cowton%20%282022%29.pdf

Does the presence of an environmental committee strengthen the impact of board gender diversity on corporate environmental disclosure? Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa

Article history: Received March 8, 2019 Received in revised format April 1, 2019 Accepted April 14 2019 Available online April 15 2019 This study is conducted to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on supply chain management (SCM) and financial performance, and the effect of SCM on financial performance through the mediate role of corporate reputation and customer loyalty. In addition, the study tests the moderate role of firm size and the ratio of export products in the relationship between SCM and financial performance. The research sample is 389 Vietnamese garment and textile firms by collecting through survey questionnaire. The results show that corporate social responsibility has a positive impact on SCM and financial performance and SCM has a positive impact on financial performance. However, firm reputation and customer loyalty do not have any mediate role in the relationship between SCM and financial performance. Firm size and export product ratio play a moderate role with statistical significance in the relationship between SCM and financial performance. . nada , Ca by the authors; licensee Growing Science 2019 ©

/pdf/impact-of-corporate-social-responsibility-on-supply-chain-3oi9gwi1o7.pdf

Impact of corporate social responsibility on supply chain management and financial performance in Vietnamese garment and textile firms

Article history: Received July 15, 2019 Received in revised format July 29, 2019 Accepted August 1

/pdf/the-effect-of-corporate-entrepreneurship-organizational-1sk4byn2i6.pdf

The effect of corporate entrepreneurship, organizational culture on supply chain management and business performance in chemical industry

This study seeks to examine the influence of multi-layered gender diversity mechanisms on firms’ decision to engage in pro-sustainable performance in the context of Hospitality and Tourism (H&T) firms worldwide. Using Powell’s Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) model, this paper finds that females on boards and sub-boards tend to display a more communal, participative, and democratic leadership style, demonstrating greater responsibilities toward stakeholders’ concerns and engaging with sustainability strategies to make a positive contribution to society. Our findings also reaffirm that women on the boards of H&T firms are more community-oriented and philanthropically driven than women in senior management positions who can be perceived as being profit-oriented rather than stakeholder-oriented as managers. Our results offer implications for policymakers and practitioners, and we suggest several avenues for future studies that could build upon our research.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875221111754

Engendering Pro-Sustainable Performance Through a Multi-Layered Gender Diversity Criterion: Evidence From the Hospitality and Tourism Sector

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Impact of corporate social responsibility on supply chain management and financial performance in Vietnamese garment and textile firms

Engendering Pro-Sustainable Performance Through a Multi-Layered Gender Diversity Criterion: Evidence From the Hospitality and Tourism Sector