Publisher Summary An ultra-intelligent machine is a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. The design of machines is one of these intellectual activities; therefore, an ultra-intelligent machine could design even better machines. To design an ultra-intelligent machine one needs to understand more about the human brain or human thought or both. The physical representation of both meaning and recall, in the human brain, can be to some extent understood in terms of a subassembly theory, this being a modification of Hebb's cell assembly theory. The subassembly theory sheds light on the physical embodiment of memory and meaning, and there can be little doubt that both needs embodiment in an ultra-intelligent machine. The subassembly theory leads to reasonable and interesting explanations of a variety of psychological effects.

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Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine

A survey of the architecture of various associative processors is presented with emphasis on their characteristics, categorization, and implementation, and especially on recent developments. Based on their architecture, associative processors are classified into four categories, namely fully parallel, bit-serial, word-serial and block-oriented. The fully parallel associative processors are divided into two classes, word-orgamzed and distributed logic associative processors.

/pdf/associative-processor-architecture-a-survey-1w28npdgvq.pdf

Associative Processor Architecture—a Survey

This review of content-addressable memory and associative computer systems represents an attempt to consolidate and report nontechnically the direction in which numerous independent research programs have progressed during the last ten years. The paper reflects the views of a myriad of researchers on subjects of organization (configuration concepts), hardware elements, logical operations, speed, cost, size, software implications, applications, advantages and disadvantages. In a report of this type it is important to quote directly and indirectly from the researchers themselves, so that the trends or directions of their concepts may converge into meaningful information. Acknowledgement is made to those quoted (see bibliography references) since they represent the meat of this survey. The bibliography, although voluminous, is not necessarily complete. A number of reference sources may have been overlooked inadvertently. It is hoped, however, that the information and the bibliography will serve as a base for those entering into research connected with this rapidly developing concept.

Content-Addressable and Associative Memory Systems a Survey

The underlying logical structure of parallel-search memories is described; the characteristic operation of three major types is displayed in the execution of searches based on equality; and algorithms are presented for searches based on other specifications including maximum, miniTnum, greater than, less than, nearest to, between limits, and ordering (sorting). It is shown that there is a hierarchy of dependency among these algorithms, that they appear in pairs with each member of a pair belonging to one or the other of two distinct classes, and that every type of search can be executed within each class.

Algorithms for Parallel-Search Memories

A survey of associative processing, techniques is presented, together with a guide to the published literature in this field. Some familiarity with the basic concepts of associative-processing is assumed. The references have been divided into four groups dealing with architectural concepts, hardware implementation, software considerations, and application areas. The discussion of architectural concepts consists of a classification of associative devices into four major categories (fully parallel, bit-serial, word-serial, and block-oriented) and an enumeration of techniques for dealing with multiple responses and hardware faults. With respect to hardware implementation, considerations are given to the basic operations implemented, hardware elements used (e.g., cryoelectrics, magnetic elements, and semiconductors), and physical characteristics such as speed, size, and cost. The discussion of software aspects of associative devices deals with synthesis of algorithms, programming problems, and software simulation. The application areas discussed include solution of some mathematical systems, radar signal processing, information storage and retrieval, and performance of certain control functions in computer systems.

Associative memories and processors: An overview and selected bibliography

This paper describes a computer storage system in which data flows in and out of the memory on the basis of content rather than location (address). In addition, a small experimental model of this system is described, using ferrite cores as novel associative memory storage elements.

A magnetic associative memory

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A magnetic associative memory