New approach to determining the surface temperature without thermal band of satellites

Assessment of Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry, Controlling Factors, Water Quality, and Nitrate-Related Health Risks in the Longkou Bay, North China

Groundwater resource is vital for industrial, drinking and irrigation purposes in the Dagujia river basin, China. The objective of this work was to comprehensively assess the hydrochemical characteristics and evolution processes of the Quaternary aquifer (QA) and the bedrock aquifer (BA) of the basin using statistical methods and hydrochemical plots. In total, 56 groundwater samples were collected from the QA (34 samples) and BA (22 samples). In addition, statistical methods combined with the geographic information system were used to identify the hydrochemical parameters of groundwater, as well as its spatial distribution in the Dagujia river basin. The Piper diagram showed that Ca-Na-HCO3 was the dominant groundwater facies type, while nine QA samples collected near the coastal line showed the Na-Cl facies type. On the other hand, the Gibbs diagram showed that most samples fell in the rock dominance zone. The principal component analysis results showed that the water–rock interaction and anthropogenic activities are the controlling factors, which is consistent with the results obtained using other methods. The results of this study indicated that rock weathering controls the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater, while anthropogenic contamination and sea water intrusion are becoming increasingly serious issues for both QA and BA in the Dagujia river basin. Therefore, both Quaternary and bedrock aquifers require more attention.

/pdf/a-study-on-hydrochemical-characteristics-and-evolution-30lxaj4l.pdf

A Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution Processes of Groundwater in the Coastal Area of the Dagujia River Basin, China

The evaluation of groundwater environmental quality and the identification of recharge sources are very important for groundwater utilization. In this study, hydrochemistry and isotope analysis methods are used to investigate the recharge sources and hydrochemical processes of groundwater in Zhanjiang City. The results show that all samples of groundwater were drawn on the left of the global meteoric water line (GMWL: δD = 8δ18O + 10) and local meteorological water lines (LMWL1: δD = 8.17δ18O + 11.74 and LMWL2: δD = 7.50δ18O + 6.18), indicating that the groundwater was mainly recharged by meteoric precipitation and influenced by the effect of evaporation. In the middle and deep confined aquifers, the isotope data depleted with the depth, indicating that there is a relatively weak hydraulic connection between them. In addition, compared with unconfined groundwater, the isotope data of confined groundwater showed relative depletion, indicating that the confined aquifer may be partially recharged from other confined aquifers. The main chemical types in the groundwater were Na*Ca-HCO3. There are three major natural hydrochemical processes controlling the source of groundwater ions: silicate weathering, carbonate dissolution, and the cation exchange reaction. In addition, the differences in physical and chemical properties between unconfined groundwater and confined groundwater are significant. Due to the differences in anthropogenic activities and land-use types, the nitrate of the unconfined groundwater exceeds the groundwater standards. Due to the geological background of Zhanjiang City, iron and manganese exceed the third standard of groundwater in confined groundwater. Due to groundwater exploitation, TDS levels in confined groundwater have been increasing. Closed groundwater extraction is not sustainable, and it is depleting ancient water reserves. This study highlights the effectiveness of hydrochemistry and isotope analysis methods for identifying the recharge area and recharge mode of groundwater, andit is significant for fully understanding groundwater hydrochemistry and scientifically managing and protecting groundwater.

/pdf/analysis-of-hydrochemical-characteristics-and-causes-of-qu7wxxh1.pdf

Analysis of Hydrochemical Characteristics and Causes of Drinking Water Sources in South China: A Case Study in Zhanjiang City

Groundwater quality and hydrochemical characteristics in the upper Seybouse sub-basin, Northeast Algeria.

Hydrochemical characterization, physicochemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater in Sidi Kada Mountains, northwest of Algeria

The quantification of evapotranspiration from agricultural areas is important for agriculture water management, especially in arid and semiarid regions where water deficiency is becoming a major constraint in economic welfare and sustainable development. Remote sensing based energy balance models are presently most suited for estimating evapotranspiration at both field and regional scales. In this study, METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration), a remote sensing of spatializing, has been applied for the estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the Ghriss plain, a semiarid region in Algeria with heterogeneous surface conditions. Eight images acquired by the Lansat-7 satellite on 2002 were used. The METRIC model followed an energy balance approach, where evapotranspiration is estimated as the residual when the net radiation, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux are known. Different moisture indicators derived from the evapotranspiration were then calculated: evaporative fraction, Priestley-Taylor parameter and surface resistance to evaporation. These calculated indicators facilitate the quantitative diagnosis of moisture stress status in pixel basis. The obtained results concern the validation of the used model for spatial distribution analysis of evapotranspiration and moisture indicators. The evaluation of evapotranspiration and surface energy fluxes are accurate enough for the spatial variations of evapotranspiration rather satisfactory than sophisticated models without having to introduce an important number of parameters in input with difficult accessibility in routine. In conclusion, the results suggest that METRIC can be considered as an operational approach to predict actual evapotranspiration from agricultural areas having limited amount of ground information.

/pdf/monitoring-daily-actual-evapotranspiration-and-surface-water-4pbazhicio.pdf

Monitoring daily actual evapotranspiration and surface water status over an agricultural area in western algeria using remote sensing data

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Hydrochemical characterization, physicochemical and bacteriological quality of groundwater in Sidi Kada Mountains, northwest of Algeria

Monitoring daily actual evapotranspiration and surface water status over an agricultural area in western algeria using remote sensing data