http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0304885322004383/pdf/S0304885322004383.pdf

Robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in off-axis sputtered europium iron garnet (EuIG) thin films

We demonstrate a thin film ferrimagnet, 48-nm-thick (110)-oriented europium iron garnet, in which the easy plane is perpendicular to the film plane and the hard axis lies in the film plane. We describe the individual contributions to the magnetic anisotropy and the tuning parameters that enable the easy-plane anisotropy landscape to be engineered. The anisotropy landscape is characterized using spin-Hall magnetoresistance measurements. The cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy, often neglected for iron garnets, is shown to influence the magnetization reversal within the easy plane. 

Engineering an easy-plane anisotropy in an epitaxial europium iron garnet (110) film

Magnetic iron garnet films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are highly desirable for spintronics and magnonics applications. In this study, we have grown single-phase epitaxial ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{3}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ films on a ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ substrate with (111) orientation. The nondestructive ${sin}^{2}\ensuremath{\psi}$ technique of the x-ray diffraction measurement demonstrates the negative value of residual stress, suggesting the compressive nature of stress in the system. Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) have been used to probe the magnetic anisotropies and magnetic domain texture, respectively. In-plane (IP) angular variation of the resonance field ${H}_{r}$ reveals a weak IP magnetic anisotropy with pronounced sixfold and fourfold symmetries in 15 and 10 nm thick films, respectively. For the 15 nm thick film, the out-of-plane angular variation of ${H}_{r}$ shows oblique magnetic anisotropy with the magnetic easy axis making an angle of ${25}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ with respect to the film plane. The oblique magnetic easy axis is further confirmed with $\ensuremath{\theta}$ mapping of the MFM image. However, for the 10 nm thick film there is complete reorientation of the magnetic easy axis perpendicular to the film plane. The cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy along with the magnetoelastic anisotropy overcomes the shape anisotropy and leads to negative effective magnetic anisotropy ${K}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and PMA. MFM images show a labyrinthine mazelike domain texture, typical of iron garnet films with PMA. 

Oblique magnetic anisotropy and domain texture in 
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The topological Hall effect (THE) is a Hall response that arises from the deflection of motion of charge carriers flowing through nontrivial spin textures. Here, the authors observe a significant THE and investigate its interplay with the spin-polarized topological surface states in a proximity-magnetized topological insulator/ferrimagnet heterostructure. Specifically, they demonstrate a sign change in THE via a top electrical gate as the Fermi level is tuned from the electron-doped to the hole-doped region of the gapped Dirac cone. 

Electrically sign-reversible topological Hall effect in a top-gated topological insulator 
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The auxetic effect in two-dimensional (2D) materials can not only enhance their mechanical properties but also brings additional tunability of their physical properties. Here, we employ density-functional-theory calculations to report on a class of auxetic 2D magnets, namely, the squarely packed transition metal dichlorides MCl2 (M = Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). These magnets are dynamically stable and exhibit an intrinsic in-plane auxetic effect. Meanwhile, the transition metal disulfides MS2 (M = V, Cr, Mn) with the same crystal structure exhibit a positive Poisson's ratio. This indicates that the auxetic effect in MCl2 is not merely dominated by the crystal structure. We attribute the occurrence of such auxetic behavior to the weak bond stiffness governed by electronic coupling between nearest-neighboring atoms. We find that magnetic ordering of 2D magnets with an auxetic effect is robust under external strain due to the protection of super-exchange interaction coming from the auxetic effect. Super-exchange interaction is sensitive to the symmetry of the crystal structure while the auxetic effect can mitigate the variation of such symmetry. The abundant magnetic properties in combination with the auxetic effect exhibit potential for novel nanodevice applications.

Novel two-dimensional magnets with an in-plane auxetic effect.

1 Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan 2 Graduate Institute of Applied Physics and Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany 4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan 5 Materials Analysis Division, Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300091, Taiwan 6 National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Forschungszentrum DresdenRossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstraße 128, 01328 Dresden, Germany 8 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11574, Taiwan

/pdf/single-crystal-epitaxial-europium-iron-garnet-films-with-8wms9byi.pdf

Single-crystal epitaxial europium iron garnet films with strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy: Structural, strain, magnetic, and spin transport properties

In its ground state, RuO 2 was long thought to be an ordinary metallic paramagnet. Recent neutron and x-ray diffraction revealed that bulk RuO 2 is an antiferromagnet with T N above 300 K. Furthermore, epitaxial strain induces superconductivity in thin ﬁlms of RuO 2 below 2 K. Here, we present a resonant elastic x-ray scattering study at the Ru L 2 edge of the strained RuO 2 ﬁlms exhibiting the strain-induced superconductivity. We observe an azimuthal modulation of the 100 Bragg peak consistent with bulk. Most notably, in the strained ﬁlms displaying superconductivity, we observe a ∼ 1 eV shift of the Ru e g orbitals to a higher energy. The energy shift is smaller in thicker, relaxed ﬁlms and ﬁlms with a different strain direction. Our results provide further evidence of the utility of epitaxial strain as a tuning parameter in complex oxides.

Strain-induced orbital-energy shift in antiferromagnetic 
RuO2
 revealed by resonant elastic x-ray scattering

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Single-crystal epitaxial europium iron garnet films with strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy: Structural, strain, magnetic, and spin transport properties

Strain-induced orbital-energy shift in antiferromagnetic RuO2 revealed by resonant elastic x-ray scattering