Summary In the revision here presented, an assessment of the Italian species of the group Scirpus s.l. at generic, infrageneric and specific level is performed, on the basis of a comparative morphological analysis carried out on wild populations and on exsiccata housed in the main Italian herbaria, as well as in the light of recent (and less recent) acquisitions in the systematics of such worldwide, most diverse and complex group. The 22 species here appraised for the Italian territory are attributed to 7 genera: Blysmus Panz., Scirpus L., Bolboschoenus (Rchb.) Palla, Scirpoides Scheuchz. ex Seguier, Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla, Isolepis R. Br., Trichophorum Pers. Schoenoplectus species are attributed to the subgenera Schoenoplectus and Actaeogeton (Rchb.) Oteng-Yeboah. Isolepis species are attributed to the only subgenus Isolepis and to the sections Isolepis and Eleogiton (Link) Pax.

Scirpus L. and related genera (Cyperaceae) in Italy

Karyotype analysis of 21 samples of 11 species of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) from 10 localities in Brazil, showed the presence of chromosomes without primary constrictions and parallel movement of chromatids at metaphase–anaphase transition. Only the terminal nucleolar constrictions (satellites) were visualised. The chromosome numbers varied from 2n = 6 in E. subarticulata to 2n = 54 in E. acutangula, but the chromosome basic number x = 5 was confirmed. Generally, C-CMA3+ bands appear mostly in the extremities of the chromosomes, associated to NOR, and interstitial C-CMA3 bands were found only in E. geniculata and E. acutangula. C-DAPI+ bands were not found. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with the 45S rDNA probe was performed in five species. The results showed from four to eight hybridisation signals, always terminal. The analysed species include representatives of the following three subgenera of Eleocharis that occur in Brazil: Limnochloa, Scirpidium and Eleocharis. Species from the subgenus Limnochloa have small and numerous chromosomes. The remaining species, belonging to subgenera Eleocharis and Scirpidium, possess fewer and larger chromosomes. In subgenus Eleocharis, karyotypes of the section Eleocharis were differentiated by symploidy, agmatoploidy and polyploidy, whereas species of the section Eleogenus were all polyploids. Polyploidy seems to be the most frequent event in the karyotype differentiation in Eleocharis, but changes in the chromosome size and repetitive DNA sites were also observed.

/pdf/cytogenetical-and-cytotaxonomical-analysis-of-some-brazilian-1kdznhkpaj.pdf

Cytogenetical and cytotaxonomical analysis of some Brazilian species of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae)

Chromosome numbers forEleocharis palustris subsp.palustris (based on 70 samples from Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Sweden) andEleocharis palustris subsp.vulgaris (based on 74 samples from Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Sweden) are given. Also the chromosome number estimates based on relative DNA contents of plants from 8 localitiesE. palustris subsp.palustris from Croatia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Israel, and Slovenia, and from 18 localities ofE. palustris subsp.vulgaris from the Czech Republic, Germany and Sweden are included. InE. palustris subsp.palustris, 2n=16 prevailed, the mixoploid 2n=15, 16 was rare and a lone hypoploid 2n=15 was detected. InE. palustris subsp.vulgaris 2n=38 was most frequently detected, the hyperploid 2n=39 and mixoploid 2n=38, 39 were common, and the hypoploid 2n=36 and mixoploids in which 2n ranges from 36 to 42 were rarer. Distribution maps based on plants investigated either by chromosome counting or by flow cytometry, augmented by similar data from published sources are given for both subspecies in Europe.

/pdf/cytogeographical-survey-of-eleocharis-subser-eleocharis-in-t4fwa7f1t1.pdf

Cytogeographical survey of eleocharis subser. eleocharis in europe 1: eleocharis palustris

Worldwide chromosome number information has been compiled from the literature for monocotyledonous genera whose members have been cytologically studied in the last three years from Kangra District (Himachal Pradesh) and Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir) in the Western Himalayas, comprising 143 species of 86 genera in 12 families, many in the family Poaceae. Chromosome number information from the literature is supplemented with new and varied reports for 54 species/56 taxa from the present study. Overall, the chromosome numbers range from 2n=10 to 2n=120. Some species in all genera show a large number of cytotypes, clearly highlighting the role of inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity as well as polyploidy and dysploidy. The basic chromosome numbers in all 86 genera are reconsidered. Monobasic genera are more common in Poaceae, and polybasic genera are more common in the other 11 families. Polyploidy in the different genera ranges from 3x to 40x, and is quite high in certain genera (18x in Avena, Bothriochloa, Isachne, Helictotrichon and Panicum; 19x in Saccharum; 24x in Tradescantia; 28x in Eleocharis; 32x in Cyperus; 36x in Andropogon; 38x in Poa; 40x in Dioscorea). An updated checklist of chromosome number variability in these genera is given for India and worldwide.

/pdf/chromosome-numbers-and-basic-chromosome-numbers-in-4akcbj1dve.pdf

Chromosome numbers and basic chromosome numbers in monocotyledonous genera of the western himalayas (india)

ITS and ETS 1f sequence data were used to estimate the phylogeny of 19 taxa of Japanese Fimbristylis. This data was suplemented with karyomorphological observations of 15 taxa within this genus. Molec

Phylogenetic Relationships and Chromosomal Evolution of Japanese Fimbristylis (Cyperaceae) Using nrDNA ITS and ETS 1f Sequence Data

Chromosomal analysis of Fimbristylis Vahl in Punjab, North West India.

Karyotypic studies on 10 species of sedges from North India showed that (i) there is no correlation between the number of chromosomes and haploid chro-matin length, (ii) by and large, the karyotypes are symmetrical, and (iii) in case of Fimbristylis dichotoma there is great variation in karyomorphology of individuals of various populations with the same chromosome numbers n=5 or 10. This brings to light the evolution that is operative at micro level and possibly this explains the variations in phenotypic characters so common in sedges which have the advan-tage of stabilizing of new genotypes through vegetative propagation.

Karyotypic Studies on Certain Members of Cyperaceae from Punjab, North West India

Karyomorphology of members of Bulbostylis Kunth and Scirpus Linn. from Punjab State, North India

Population studies on five species of Scirpus namely, S. kyllingioides, S. litoralis, S. mucronatus, S. roylei and S. triqueter show fixed chromosome numbers in S. mucronatus (n=22) and S. triqueter (n=21) while S. kyllingioides and S. litoralis show high incidence of aneuploidy. Both diploid (n=11) and octaploid (n=44) cytotypes are recorded for S. roylei. On the basis of recorded base numbers (X=5, 7, 8) in Scirpus, it is very difficult to guess correctly the ploidy level for S. kyllingioides and S. litoralis cytotypes.Sedges show a high incidence of euploid and aneuploid numbers which is due to vegetative propagation so common in the group because this mechanism of race perpetuation helps in conservation of all the evolved cytotypes which is normally not the case with other groups of flowering plants not exhibiting vegetative propagation.

Cytological Observations on Scirpus Linn. from North India

Occurence of B-chromosomes and karyotypic analysis in sedge genus Eleocharis R. Br.

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