The Unified Huntington's disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) was developed as a clinical rating scale to assess four domains of clinical performance and capacity in HD: motor function, cognitive function, behavioral abnormalities, and functional capacity. We assessed the internal consistency and the intercorrelations for the four domains and examined changes in ratings over time. We also performed an interrater reliability study of the motor assessment. We found there was a high degree of internal consistency within each of the domains of the UHDRS and that there were significant intercorrelations between the domains of the UHDRS, with the exception of the total behavioral score. There was an excellent degree of interrater reliability for the motor scores. Our limited longitudinal database indicates that the UHDRS may be useful for tracking changes in the clinical features of HD over time. The UHDRS assesses relevant clinical features of HD and appears to be appropriate for repeated administration during clinical studies.

Unified huntington’s disease rating scale: Reliability and consistency

! The Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) was developed as a clinical rating scale to assess four domains of clinical performance and capacity in HD: motor function, cognitive function, behavioral abnormalities, and functional capacity. We assessed the internal consistency and the intercorrelations for the four domains and examined changes in ratings over time. We also performed an interrater reliability study of the motor assessment. We found there was a high degree of internal consistency within each of the domains of the UHDRS and that there were significant intercorrelations between the domains of the UHDRS, with the exception of the total behavioral score. There was an excellent degree of interrater reliability for the motor scores. Our limited longitudinal database indicates that the UHDRS may be useful for tracking changes in the clinical features of HD over time. The UHDRS assesses relevant clinical features of HD and appears to be appropriate for repeated administration during clinical studies.\

Unified Huntington's disease rating scale: reliability and consistency

Part 1 Olfaction: Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology - Olfactory Mucosa: Composition, Enzymatic Localization and Metabolism, Anatomy of the Human Nasal Passages, Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Human Olfactory Neuroepithelium, Functional Anatomy, Central Connections, and Neurochemistry of the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb, The Molecular Mechanisms of Olfactory Signal Transduction, Developmental Anatomy of the Olfactory System Human Psychophysics and Measurement of Odor-Induced Responses - Current Trends In the Measurement of Olfactory Function, Modern Approaches to Air Dilution Olfactometry, Olfactory Adaptation, Perception of Odor Mixtures, Olfaction and Development of Social Preferences in Neonatal Organisms, The Genetics of Olfactory Perception Clinical Applications and Perspectives - Clinical Disorders of Olfaction - A Review, Viruses and the Olfactory System, Evaluation of Olfactory Deficits by Medical Imaging, Rhinological Considerations and Upper Airway Physical Examination of Patients with Olfactory Disorders, Distorted Olfactory Perception, Deprivation and the Olfactory System, Nasal Airway Dynamics and Olfactory Function. Part 2 Gustation: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Development, Genetics, and Physiology - Saliva: Its Function and Disorders, Anatomy of the Peripheral Taste System, Central Taste Anatomy and Neurophysiology, Receptor Mechanisms in Gustation, Transduction of Taste Stimuli by Receptor Cells in the Gustatory System Human Psychophysics and Measurement of Testant-Induced Responses - Current Trends in Measuring Taste, Perception of Taste Mixtures, Ontogeny of Human Taste Perception clinical Applications and Perspectives - nutritional implications of Taste and Smell Disorders, Conditioned Flavour Aversions, Head Injury and Taste, Iatrogenic Causes of Taste Disturbances: Radiation Therapy, Surgery, Medication Other Chemosensory Systems. (Part Contents).

/pdf/handbook-of-olfaction-and-gustation-3a40ulwq51.pdf

Handbook of Olfaction and Gustation

For quantitative assessment of the primary torsion dystonias, a rating scale is proposed that has two sections--a Movement Scale, based on examination, and a Disability Scale, based on the patient's statements about seven activities of daily living. We assessed the validity of the Movement Scale by comparing scores with a ranking of patients according to dystonia severity and with ratings of the patients on the Disability Scale. In addition, we assessed the inter-and intra-rater reliability of the scale by comparing independent scorings of patients by four examiners and by comparing scorings by the same examiners performed at different times. We found that the Movement Scale was a valid and reliable indicator of the severity of primary torsion dystonia.

Validity and reliability of a rating scale for the primary torsion dystonias

Our purpose was to verify some basic aspects of validation of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). One hundred and sixty-seven Parkinson's disease (PD) patients were included. Group A (n = 40) was simultaneously assessed by five raters who applied the UPDRS and other PD rating scales (PDRS). A set of timed tests, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Hamilton Scale for Depression (HSD) were administered by an independent examiner. Group B (n = 127) was individually assessed through the UPDRS and the other PDRSs by one neurologist in four different hospitals. The UPDRS was administered in 16.95 +/- 7.98 min. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). Nevertheless, the items related to depression, motivation/initiative, and tremor were scarcely consistent. The Interrater reliability was satisfactory (all the items had k > 0.40). There was a high correlation of the UPDRS with the Hoehn and Yahr staging (rs = 0.71; p < 0.001) and some timed tests (finger tapping; arising from chair), but also with the MMSE and HSD (rs = 0.53; rs = 0.64; p < 0.001). The convergent validity with the other PDRS (Intermediate Scale and Schwab and England Scale) was very high (rs = 0.76-0.96; p < 0.001). The factor analysis identified six factors that explained 59.6% of the variance. The dimension "tremor" showed a remarkable independence. The UPDRS is a multidimensional, reliable, and valid scale, with some inconveniences derived from its internal consistency, discriminant validity, and pragmatic application.

Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale characteristics and structure

In the last twenty years the accurate evaluation of extrapyramidal disorders has become essential to assess the efficacy of an increasing number of potentially useful drugs. Not surprisingly, since the introduction of levodopa, Parkinson’s disease has attracted the most attention for developing assessment techniques. It is a common condition, producing a complex and varying pattern of disabilities, and effective treatment is available with which new drugs may be compared. Techniques suitable for use in patients with Parkinson’s disease are applicable also to patients with other akinetic-rigid syndromes, but different methods have to be employed to assess the severity and impact of other extrapyramidal diseases which cause abnormal involuntary movements (dyskinesias). The many types and causes of the extrapyramidal disorders under consideration are shown in Table 1.

/pdf/assessment-of-extrapyramidal-disorders-459ay0ir2a.pdf

Assessment of extrapyramidal disorders.

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Assessment of extrapyramidal disorders.