This report presents the conceptual design of a new European research infrastructure EuPRAXIA. The concept has been established over the last four years in a unique collaboration of 41 laboratories within a Horizon 2020 design study funded by the European Union. EuPRAXIA is the first European project that develops a dedicated particle accelerator research infrastructure based on novel plasma acceleration concepts and laser technology. It focuses on the development of electron accelerators and underlying technologies, their user communities, and the exploitation of existing accelerator infrastructures in Europe. EuPRAXIA has involved, amongst others, the international laser community and industry to build links and bridges with accelerator science — through realising synergies, identifying disruptive ideas, innovating, and fostering knowledge exchange. The Eu-PRAXIA project aims at the construction of an innovative electron accelerator using laser- and electron-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration that offers a significant reduction in size and possible savings in cost over current state-of-the-art radiofrequency-based accelerators. The foreseen electron energy range of one to five gigaelectronvolts (GeV) and its performance goals will enable versatile applications in various domains, e.g. as a compact free-electron laser (FEL), compact sources for medical imaging and positron generation, table-top test beams for particle detectors, as well as deeply penetrating X-ray and gamma-ray sources for material testing. EuPRAXIA is designed to be the required stepping stone to possible future plasma-based facilities, such as linear colliders at the high-energy physics (HEP) energy frontier. Consistent with a high-confidence approach, the project includes measures to retire risk by establishing scaled technology demonstrators. This report includes preliminary models for project implementation, cost and schedule that would allow operation of the full Eu-PRAXIA facility within 8—10 years.

EuPRAXIA Conceptual Design Report

The SwissFEL Injector Test Facility operated at the Paul Scherrer Institute between 2010 and 2014, serving as a pilot plant and testbed for the development and realization of SwissFEL, the X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility under construction at the same institute. The test facility consisted of a laser-driven rf electron gun followed by an S-band booster linac, a magnetic bunch compression chicane and a diagnostic section including a transverse deflecting rf cavity. It delivered electron bunches of up to 200 pC charge and up to 250 MeV beam energy at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The measurements performed at the test facility not only demonstrated the beam parameters required to drive the first stage of an FEL facility, but also led to significant advances in instrumentation technologies, beam characterization methods and the generation, transport and compression of ultra-low-emittance beams. We give a comprehensive overview of the commissioning experience of the principal subsystems and the beam physics measurements performed during the operation of the test facility, including the results of the test of an in-vacuum undulator prototype generating radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet and optical range.

Commissioning experience and beam physics measurements at the SwissFEL Injector Test Facility

The SwissFEL Injector Test Facility operated at the Paul Scherrer Institute between 2010 and 2014, serving as a pilot plant and test bed for the development and realization of SwissFEL, the x-ray Free-Electron Laser facility under construction at the same institute. The test facility consisted of a laser-driven rf electron gun followed by an S-band booster linac, a magnetic bunch compression chicane and a diagnostic section including a transverse deflecting rf cavity. It delivered electron bunches of up to 200 pC charge and up to 250 MeV beam energy at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The measurements performed at the test facility not only demonstrated the beam parameters required to drive the first stage of an FEL facility, but also led to significant advances in instrumentation technologies, beam characterization methods and the generation, transport and compression of ultralow-emittance beams. We give a comprehensive overview of the commissioning experience of the principal subsystems and the beam physics measurements performed during the operation of the test facility, including the results of the test of an in-vacuum undulator prototype generating radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet and optical range.

We present a phenomenological model for single-pass FEL radiation power and bunching evolution in planar and elliptic undulators with two polarizations of the emitted radiation; the models allows for the suppression of low harmonics in the spectrum. We study the harmonic generation in some planar and elliptic undulators with account for the off-axis effects and for the 3rd harmonics of the undulator magnetic field. Both spontaneous and stimulated types of radiation are studied. Spontaneous UR is studied with generalized Bessel functions formalism. The analytical FEL model, which employs these Bessel functions, is verified with FEL experiments in the range of radiation wavelengths 0.15–500 nm and confirmed by numerical simulations. The phenomenological description is based on the undulator parameters and FEL parameters, such as the electron beam current, energy, spread and emittance. The analytical formulation allows fast evaluation of the FEL performance with minimal resources. The effects of the 3rd harmonic of the undulator field and properties of the beam on the spontaneous UR and on the FEL radiation are explored. Generation of high even- and odd- harmonics due to the undulator field harmonic and finite beam size is studied. Their effects on the spontaneous and stimulated UR are compared with each other.

Analysis of harmonic generation in planar and elliptic bi-harmonic undulators and FELs

The effect of undulator field harmonics on spontaneous and stimulated undulator radiation, both on and off the undulator axis, is studied. Bessel factors for the undulators with field harmonics have been analytically calculated and numerically verified. The influence of the third undulator field harmonic on single-pass free-electron laser radiation is explored. Harmonic generation at the LCLS and SPring-8 free-electron lasers is modeled and analyzed.

Effect of the third undulator field harmonic on spontaneous and stimulated undulator radiation.

SPARC-X is a two branch project consisting in the SPARC test facility dedicated to the development and test of critical subsystems such as high brightness photoinjector and a modular expandable undulator for SASE-FEL experiments at 500 nm with seeding, and the SPARK facility aiming at generation of high brilliance coherent radiation in the 15-13 nm range, based on the achieved expertise The projects are supported by MIUR (Research Department of Italian Government) and Regione Lazio SPARC has completed the commissioning phase of the photoinjector in November 2006 The achieved experimental results are here summarized together with the status of the second phase commissioning plans The SPARK project is based on the generation of ultra high peak brightness electron beams at the energy of 1 and 2 GeV generating radiation in the 15-13 nm range The construction is at the moment planned in two steps starting with a 1 GeV Linac The project layout including both RF-compression and magnetic chicane techniques has been studied

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Status of the sparc-x project

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Status of the sparc-x project