Recent research effort into some aspects of strength, static stability, and structural optimization of horizontal pressure vessels is reviewed in this paper. Stress concentrations at the junction of cylinder-ellipsoidal end closures are covered in detail. This in turn establishes efficient choices for wall thicknesses in the vessel. Detailed account of stresses for flexible supports of a horizontal cylindrical shell is provided. Dimensions of support components, which assure the minimum stress concentrations between a horizontal shell and its support, are calculated. In particular, the wall thickness is found for vessels being loaded by the weight of its content and placed on two supports. Stability issues are also reviewed in this paper. In particular, attention is paid to the stability of cylinder under external pressure and to the stability of end closures. The latter are loaded by internal or external pressure. Apart from buckling and plastic loads, the ultimate load carrying capacity, i.e., burst pressure, for internally pressurized heads is also examined. On a practical side, aboveground and underground cases are discussed. In the latter case of underground vessels the reinforcement by internal rings is assessed. The optimization part of this paper deals with the effective choice of the end closure depth and the shape of its meridian. The overriding aim here is to examine the stress concentrations and the ways in which they can be mitigated. The optimal shape of closures is also searched for, with respect to the maximum buckling pressure for a given mass of the head. In the case of internal pressure the maximum of plastic load is sought within a specified class of meridional profiles. Finally, optimal sizing of whole vessels is discussed for slender and compact geometries. Extensive references are made to relatively recent and ongoing work related to the above topics. This paper has 287 references and 50 figures.

Strength, Stability, and Optimization of Pressure Vessels: Review of Selected Problems

Inelastic Behaviour of Plates and Shells

In this paper, the problem of optimal design of axially symmetrical shells against instability is considered. We look for the shape of middle surface as well as the thickness (constant or variable) of a shell, which ensure maximal value of the critical hydrostatic pressure. As the equality constraints the volume of material and the capacity of a shell are considered. The concept of a shell of uniform stability is applied.

Optimal design of axially symmetrical shells under hydrostatic pressure with respect to their stability

In this paper, the problem of optimal design of shells against instability is considered. A thin-walled shell is loaded, in general, by an external pressure and lateral forces causing overall bending moment (which varies along the axis of a shell) and the appropriate shearing force. We look for the shape of meridian as well as the thickness of a shell, which ensure the maximal critical value of the loading parameter. As the equality constraints, the volume of material and the capacity of a shell are considered. The concept of a shell of uniform stability is applied.

Optimal design of shells against buckling under overall bending and external pressure

In this paper, the problem of optimal design of shells against instability under combined state of loadings is considered. We look for the shape of a meridian as well as the thickness of a shell, which ensures the maximal critical value of the loading parameter. The equality constraining the volume of material and the capacity of a shell are considered. The concept of a shell of uniform stability is applied.

Optimal design of shells against buckling by means of the simulated annealing method

Optimal structural design of cylindrical shells under overall bending, torsion, tension and internal pressure in creep conditions is considered The material is assumed to be governed by the Norton-Odqvist nonlinear steady creep law Minimal weight of the shell is the design objective, radius and wall thickness are design variables, and the constraint refers to brittle creep rupture as described by the Kachanov-Sdoburev hypothesis Elimination of circumferential bending in the wall results in a circular profile The condition of uniform creep strength determines the thickness distribution, whereas the optimal radius is determined numerically

Optimization of Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Loading Against Brittle Creep Rupture

Optimal structural design of a noncircular cylindrical shell under overall bending and axial force is considered. The material is assumed to be governed by the Norton nonlinear steady creep law. Minimal cross-sectional area is the design objective, the middle line of the profile and the wall-thickness are the design variables and the constraints refer to local stability of the wall according to Gerard's criterion and to brittle creep rupture as described by the Kachanov-Robinson hypothesis. In view of bending, optimal design requires some concentrated areas (longitudinal ribs) located at the outer fibres of the cross-section.

Optimal design of a cylindrical shell under overall bending and axial force with respect to creep stability

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Optimization of Cylindrical Shells Under Combined Loading Against Brittle Creep Rupture

Optimal design of a cylindrical shell under overall bending and axial force with respect to creep stability