The increase in reports of novel diseases in a wide range of ecosystems, both terrestrial and marine, has been linked to many factors including exposure to novel pathogens and changes in the global climate. Prevalence of skin cancer in particular has been found to be increasing in humans, but has not been reported in wild fish before. Here we report extensive melanosis and melanoma (skin cancer) in wild populations of an iconic, commercially-important marine fish, the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. The syndrome reported here has strong similarities to previous studies associated with UV induced melanomas in the well-established laboratory fish model Xiphophorus. Relatively high prevalence rates of this syndrome (15%) were recorded at two offshore sites in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). In the absence of microbial pathogens and given the strong similarities to the UV-induced melanomas, we conclude that the likely cause was environmental exposure to UV radiation. Further studies are needed to establish the large scale distribution of the syndrome and confirm that the lesions reported here are the same as the melanoma in Xiphophorus, by assessing mutation of the EGFR gene, Xmrk. Furthermore, research on the potential links of this syndrome to increases in UV radiation from stratospheric ozone depletion needs to be completed.

/pdf/evidence-of-melanoma-in-wild-marine-fish-populations-2okrbaxf24.pdf

Evidence of melanoma in wild marine fish populations.

There is a few available information about the effect of anesthetics, specially electroanesthesia on immune parameters in fish. In the present work, two anesthetics, MS222 (50 ppm), clove oil (25 ppm), and electroanesthesia were tested in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in narcosis stage. The results showed, clove oil and electroanesthesia increase the lysozyme activity 24 h after anesthesia(p 0.05). It seems use of MS222 during aquacultural practices may induce lesser effect in rainbow trout.

/pdf/anesthetic-effect-of-tricaine-methanesulfonate-clove-oil-and-4dhodw4ldi.pdf

Anesthetic effect of tricaine methanesulfonate, clove oil and electroanesthesia on lysozyme activity of Oncorhynchus mykiss

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of micro-encapsulated synbiotic application at different frequencies for luminous disease control in white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). The luminous disease is caused by Vibri o harveyi . In this experiment, a synbiotic which was a combination of the probiotic Bacillus sp. NP5 Rf R and the oligosaccharides from sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas L.) jago variety was apllied. The synbiotic was encapsulated by spray drying method. The in vivo experiment was conducted by supplementing the shrimp’s diet with the micro-encapsulated synbiotic for 40 days. Treatments included the administration micro-encapsulated synbiotic in different frequencies i.e. once a week (A), twice a week (B), daily (C), and without micro-encapsulated synbiotic (control treatment). The control treatment consisted of positive (K+) and negative (K-) controls. After 30 days period, all of the shrimp were challenged by intramuscular injection of pathogenic V . harveyi Rf R at a concentration of 10 6 CFU ml -1 except the negative control. The treatment C resulted in significantly higher survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and immune responses than those of the controls, whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower than the controls. In addition, the population of Bacillus sp . NP5 Rf R and total bacterial count (TBC) in the intestines increased, whereas the population of V. harveyi Rf R and the total vibrio count (TVC) were lower compared to the controls.

Effect of Micro-encapsulated Synbiotic at Different Frequencies for Luminous Vibriosis Control in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Effect of biofloc technology on growth of speckled shrimp, Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricus) in different feeding regimes

The objective of this review is to present a compilation of the application of various biostimulants in strawberry plants. Strawberry cultivation is of great importance worldwide, and, there is currently no review on this topic in the literature. Plant biostimulation consists of using or applying physical, chemical, or biological stimuli that trigger a response—called induction or elicitation—with a positive effect on crop growth, development, and quality. Biostimulation provides tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and more absorption and accumulation of nutrients, favoring the metabolism of the plants. The strawberry is a highly appreciated fruit for its high organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities since it is rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to being a product with high commercial value. This review aims to present an overview of the information on using different biostimulation techniques in strawberries. The information obtained from publications from 2000–2022 is organized according to the biostimulant’s physical, chemical, or biological nature. The biochemical or physiological impact on plant productivity, yield, fruit quality, and postharvest life is described for each class of biostimulant. Information gaps are also pointed out, highlighting the topics in which more significant research effort is necessary.

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3463/pdf?version=1671072060

Strawberry Biostimulation: From Mechanisms of Action to Plant Growth and Fruit Quality

ABSTRACT The current study investigates the effects of humic acid concentration, its application methods as well as nitrogen ratios on the morphological, yield and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Paros, during 2014–2015 in Ardabil Province, Iran. The study has been conducted within the framework of a double split plot randomized complete block design with three replications and density of 10 plants per replications. Different nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 150 kg ha−1) were examined in the main plots while application methods of humic acid (foliar and soil) and its different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg ha−1) were considered in the subplots and sub-sub plots, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the interaction effects of different concentrations of nitrogen, humic acid and its application methods are significant on most of the measured variables at 5% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that the highest values for the leaf area, fruit yield, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and titratable acidity are associated with the combined treatments of nitrogen and humic acid with concentrations of 100 kg ha−1 and 4 kg ha−1, respectively. In three-way interactions, the highest shoot and root biomass and total chlorophyll content were obtained from the application of 100 kg ha−1nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid, while the highest nitrogen and protein contents of leaf and root were achieved upon applying 2 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid and 150 kg ha−1 nitrogen. Moreover, the highest amounts of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids were found at a concentration level of 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with applying 2 and 6 kg ha−1 foliar and soil humic acids, respectively. Finally, the best results of most of the studied traits were observed at 100 kg ha−1 nitrogen and 4 kg ha−1 foliar humic acid application.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15538362.2021.2022566?needAccess=true

Effect of Humic Acid, Nitrogen Concentrations and Application Method on the Morphological, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Strawberry ‘Paros’

Short communication: A case report of Branchiomyces infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Iran

The aim of the present study was to determine various types of hemocytes, total and differential hemocyte count and to show some indices of phagocytosis, including percent phagocytosis and phagocytic index in Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iranian shrimp farms. The hemolymph was extracted from the shrimps and mixed with anticoagulant. It then stained and Yeast was added as foreign particles to samples. Based on the cell size and presence of the granules and nucleocytoplasmic ratio, three major groups of hemocytes, including hyaline cells, small granular cells (SGC) and large granular cells (LGC) were identified. Hyaline cell (HC) was the smallest hemocyte. HC (hyaline cell) about was 1015%, lower quantity in comparison to some species and those of LGC and SGC were 20-25% and 60-65%, respectively, suggesting that relative percentage of differential hemocyte count in Fenneropenaeus indicus is different from other decapods. Also, in this study, it was shown that SGH and LGH could engulf the yeast particles. In Contrast to some previous studies, no engulfment was observed by hyaline cells in vitro. In this study it was showed that there are some variations in total and differential hemocyte count compare to other species in the family of Penaeidae.

/pdf/selected-morpho-chemical-features-of-hemocytes-in-farmed-16s2ua34kn.pdf

Selected morpho-chemical features of hemocytes in farmed shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iran

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Papers

Effect of Humic Acid, Nitrogen Concentrations and Application Method on the Morphological, Yield and Biochemical Characteristics of Strawberry ‘Paros’

Short communication: A case report of Branchiomyces infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Iran

Selected morpho-chemical features of hemocytes in farmed shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iran